GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr is a critical-severity (CVSS 9.9) Code Injection vulnerability in n8n. A fix is available for n8n — see the affected versions and patch details below.
n8n: Expression Sandbox Escape Leads to RCE
Exploitation Status
No confirmed exploitation observed yet
- A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
- CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
How urgent is this, really
GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.
Where this sits among everything scored
Of 377,166 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.
Real-World Exposure
How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.
n8nnpmDescription
Impact
Additional exploits in the expression evaluation of n8n have been identified and patched following CVE-2025-68613. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could abuse crafted expressions in workflow parameters to trigger unintended system command execution on the host running n8n.
Patches
The issues have been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate all known vulnerabilities.
Workarounds
If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:
- Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only.
- Deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation.
These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Resources
- Best practices for securing n8n
- Initial vulnerability advisory: CVE-2025-68613
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 📦npm | n8n | all versions | 1.123.22npm install n8n@1.123.22 |
| 📦npm | n8n | ≥ 2.0.0&&< 2.9.3 | 2.9.3npm install n8n@2.9.3 |
| 📦npm | n8n | ≥ 2.10.0&&< 2.10.1 | 2.10.1npm install n8n@2.10.1 |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for n8n, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update n8n to 1.123.22 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.