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Not in CISA KEV
HIGH severity

GHSA-v2hh-gcrm-f6hx

HIGHFix: fastify/fast-uri@0542a21

GHSA-v2hh-gcrm-f6hx is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) CWE-436 vulnerability in fast-uri. O3 Security confirms whether GHSA-v2hh-gcrm-f6hx is actually reachable in your code before you act, and blocks exploitation at runtime until you patch.

fast-uri vulnerable to host confusion via literal backslash authority delimiter

Also known asCVE-2026-16221
Published
Jul 21, 2026
Updated
Jul 23, 2026
Affected
3 pkgs
Patched
3 / 3
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 4, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
  • CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-v2hh-gcrm-f6hx.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs37th percentile — riskier than 37% of all scored CVEsHighest risk
0.00%0.31%0.62%0.94%0.2%0.4%0.4%Aug 26Sep 26Sep 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-v2hh-gcrm-f6hx plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 367,996 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

3 pkgs affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

297other npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream
fast-urinpm
130.0Mdownloads / week

Description

Impact

fast-uri v4.1.0 and earlier do not treat a literal backslash (U+005C) as an authority delimiter. Node's native WHATWG URL (used by fetch(), undici, and Node's http/https clients) normalizes \ to / for special schemes (http, https, ws, wss, ftp, file), so the two parsers extract different hosts from the same input string.

For example, http://evil.com\@allowed.com is treated by fast-uri as host allowed.com with userinfo evil.com\, while Node's WHATWG URL parser and fetch() see host evil.com with path /@allowed.com.

Applications that use fast-uri to enforce host-based policy (allowlists, denylists, loopback/SSRF filtering, redirect validation, outbound proxy routing) before passing the same URL into Node's URL or fetch() consumers see a policy/use desync and can be steered to an unintended destination, including cloud metadata endpoints, loopback, or internal hosts.

Patches

Upgrade to fast-uri v4.1.1, v3.1.4, or v2.4.3.

Workarounds

None. Upgrade to the patched version.

Affected Packages

3 total 3 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmfast-uri2.3.1&&< 2.4.32.4.3
📦npmfast-uri3.0.0&&< 3.1.43.1.4
📦npmfast-uri4.0.0&&< 4.1.14.1.1

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for fast-uri. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update fast-uri to 2.4.3 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-v2hh-gcrm-f6hx is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-v2hh-gcrm-f6hx is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-v2hh-gcrm-f6hx. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Fixing This On Your OS

If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.

Red HatImportant

Important: This flaw in fast-uri allows for a security policy bypass due to inconsistent URL parsing between fast-uri and Node.js's native WHATWG URL parser. Applications within Red Hat Hardened Images that rely on fast-uri for host-based policy enforcement, such as allowlists or Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)…

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact `fast-uri` v4.1.0 and earlier do not treat a literal backslash (U+005C) as an authority delimiter. Node's native WHATWG `URL` (used by `fetch()`, `undici`, and Node's `http`/`https` clients) normalizes `\` to `/` for special schemes (`http`, `https`, `ws`, `wss`, `ftp`, `file`), so the two parsers extract different hosts from the same input string. For example, `http://evil.com\@allowed.com` is treated by `fast-uri` as host `allowed.com` with userinfo `evil.com\`, while Node's WHATWG URL parser and `fetch()` see host `evil.com` with path `/@allowed.com`. Applications that use `fa
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-v2hh-gcrm-f6hx in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-v2hh-gcrm-f6hx across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.

GHSA-v2hh-gcrm-f6hx: fast-uri Server-Side… | O3 Security