How severe is GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8?

GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 has a CVSS score of 6.1/10, rated MEDIUM. Review your exposure and patch according to your risk tolerance.

Which packages are affected by GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8?

GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 affects the following packages: rails-html-sanitizer (RubyGems). Ecosystems affected: RubyGems.

How do I fix GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8?

Update rails-html-sanitizer to 1.4.4 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 in my RubyGems dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for rails-html-sanitizer. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

How do I mitigate GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

How does O3 Security protect against GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8?

O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Is GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 2 known exploit references for GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8, including 2 in-the-wild exploitations observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8?

GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 1.1%, placing it in the 62th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8?

GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 is classified as Cross-site Scripting (XSS) (CWE-79). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 published, and has it been updated?

GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 was published on December 13, 2022 and was last updated on November 4, 2025. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

💎 RubyGems

GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8

MEDIUM

Possible XSS vulnerability with certain configurations of rails-html-sanitizer

Also known asCVE-2022-23520

Published

Dec 13, 2022

Updated

Nov 4, 2025

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

2 known

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

1.1%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk62th percentile+0.75%

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

1 pkg affected

💎rails-html-sanitizer

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects RubyGems packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Summary

There is a possible XSS vulnerability with certain configurations of Rails::Html::Sanitizer. This is due to an incomplete fix of CVE-2022-32209.

Versions affected: ALL
Not affected: NONE
Fixed versions: 1.4.4

Impact

A possible XSS vulnerability with certain configurations of Rails::Html::Sanitizer may allow an attacker to inject content if the application developer has overridden the sanitizer's allowed tags to allow both "select" and "style" elements.

Code is only impacted if allowed tags are being overridden using either of the following two mechanisms:

Using the Rails configuration config.action_view.sanitized_allow_tags=:

# In config/application.rb
config.action_view.sanitized_allowed_tags = ["select", "style"]

(see https://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-action-view)

Using the class method Rails::Html::SafeListSanitizer.allowed_tags=:

# class-level option
Rails::Html::SafeListSanitizer.allowed_tags = ["select", "style"]

All users overriding the allowed tags by either of the above mechanisms to include both "select" and "style" should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.

NOTE: Code is not impacted if allowed tags are overridden using either of the following mechanisms:

the :tags option to the Action View helper method sanitize.
the :tags option to the instance method SafeListSanitizer#sanitize.

Workarounds

Remove either "select" or "style" from the overridden allowed tags.

References

Credit

This vulnerability was responsibly reported by Dominic Breuker.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
💎RubyGems	`rails-html-sanitizer`	all versions	1.4.4

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

rails-html-sanitizer is responsible for sanitizing HTML fragments in Rai…

github.comNVDDec 2022

rails-html-sanitizer is responsible for sanitizing HTML fragments in Rai…

hackerone.comNVDDec 2022

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for rails-html-sanitizer. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.
Fix
Update rails-html-sanitizer to 1.4.4 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

## Summary There is a possible XSS vulnerability with certain configurations of Rails::Html::Sanitizer. This is due to an incomplete fix of CVE-2022-32209. - Versions affected: ALL - Not affected: NONE - Fixed versions: 1.4.4 ## Impact A possible XSS vulnerability with certain configurations of Rails::Html::Sanitizer may allow an attacker to inject content if the application developer has overridden the sanitizer's allowed tags to allow both "select" and "style" elements. Code is only impacted if allowed tags are being overridden using either of the following two mechanisms: 1. Using th

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 across RubyGems dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works

GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8

EPSS Exploitation Probability

Blast Radius

Description

Summary

Impact

Workarounds

References

Credit

Affected Packages

Detection & mitigation playbook

Detect

Fix

Workarounds

How O3 protects you

Frequently Asked Questions

Is GHSA-rrfc-7g8p-99q8 in your dependencies?