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📦 npm

GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87

MEDIUM

ZX Allows Environment Variable Injection for dotenv API

Also known asCVE-2025-24959
Published
Feb 3, 2025
Updated
Feb 4, 2025
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.2%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk7th percentile+0.12%
0.00%0.23%0.45%0.68%0.1%0.2%Dec 25Apr 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

1 pkg affected
📦zx

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects npm packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

This vulnerability is an Environment Variable Injection issue in dotenv.stringify, affecting google/zx version 8.3.1.

An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into process.env. This can lead to arbitrary command execution or unexpected behavior in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through dotenv.stringify are particularly vulnerable.

Patches

This issue has been patched in version 8.3.2. Users should immediately upgrade to this version to mitigate the vulnerability.

Workarounds

If upgrading is not feasible, users can mitigate the vulnerability by sanitizing user-controlled environment variable values before passing them to dotenv.stringify. Specifically, avoid using ", ', and backticks in values, or enforce strict validation of environment variables before usage.

References

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmzx8.3.1&&< 8.3.28.3.2

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for zx. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update zx to 8.3.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact This vulnerability is an **Environment Variable Injection** issue in `dotenv.stringify`, affecting `google/zx` version **8.3.1**. An attacker with control over environment variable values can inject unintended environment variables into `process.env`. This can lead to **arbitrary command execution** or **unexpected behavior** in applications that rely on environment variables for security-sensitive operations. Applications that process untrusted input and pass it through `dotenv.stringify` are particularly vulnerable. ### Patches This issue has been **patched** in version **8.3.2
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87 in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-qwp8-x4ff-5h87 across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.