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💎 RubyGems

GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc

MEDIUM

actionpack Open Redirect in Host Authorization Middleware

Also known asBIT-rails-2021-44528CVE-2021-44528
Published
Dec 14, 2021
Updated
Mar 6, 2024
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
None indexed

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
4.2%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk90th percentile-24.43%
0.00%19.0%37.9%56.9%39.3%4.2%Dec 25Apr 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

2 pkgs affected
💎actionpack💎actionpack

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects RubyGems packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Specially crafted "X-Forwarded-Host" headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website.

Impacted applications will have allowed hosts with a leading dot. For example, configuration files that look like this:

config.hosts <<  '.EXAMPLE.com'

When an allowed host contains a leading dot, a specially crafted Host header can be used to redirect to a malicious website.

This vulnerability is similar to CVE-2021-22881 and CVE-2021-22942.

Releases

The fixed releases are available at the normal locations.

Patches

To aid users who aren't able to upgrade immediately we have provided patches for the two supported release series. They are in git-am format and consist of a single changeset.

  • 6-0-host-authorzation-open-redirect.patch - Patch for 6.0 series
  • 6-1-host-authorzation-open-redirect.patch - Patch for 6.1 series
  • 7-0-host-authorzation-open-redirect.patch - Patch for 7.0 series

Please note that only the 6.1.Z, 6.0.Z, and 5.2.Z series are supported at present. Users of earlier unsupported releases are advised to upgrade as soon as possible as we cannot guarantee the continued availability of security fixes for unsupported releases.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
💎RubyGemsactionpack6.0.0&&< 6.0.4.26.0.4.2
💎RubyGemsactionpack6.1.0&&< 6.1.4.26.1.4.2

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for actionpack. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update actionpack to 6.0.4.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

Specially crafted "X-Forwarded-Host" headers in combination with certain "allowed host" formats can cause the Host Authorization middleware in Action Pack to redirect users to a malicious website. Impacted applications will have allowed hosts with a leading dot. For example, configuration files that look like this: ``` config.hosts << '.EXAMPLE.com' ``` When an allowed host contains a leading dot, a specially crafted Host header can be used to redirect to a malicious website. This vulnerability is similar to CVE-2021-22881 and CVE-2021-22942. Releases -------- The fixed releases are avai
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-qphc-hf5q-v8fc across RubyGems dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.