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CRITICAL severity

External Entity Reference in TwelveMonkeys ImageIOGHSA-pjch-4g28-fxx7

CRITICALFix: haraldk/TwelveMonkeys@da4efe9

GHSA-pjch-4g28-fxx7 is a critical-severity (CVSS 9.8) XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability in com.twelvemonkeys.imageio:imageio-metadata. A fix is available for com.twelvemonkeys.imageio:imageio-metadata — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Also known asCVE-2021-23792SNYK-JAVA-COMTWELVEMONKEYSIMAGEIO-2316763
Published
Updated
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Nov 10, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.1%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs65th percentile — riskier than 65% of all scored CVEsHighest risk
0.00%0.52%1.04%1.57%0.3%1.1%May 26Oct 26Nov 26

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected
☕com.twelvemonkeys.imageio:imageio-metadata

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

The package com.twelvemonkeys.imageio:imageio-metadata before version 3.7.1 is vulnerable to XML External Entity (XXE) Injection due to an insecurely initialized XML parser for reading XMP Metadata. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability if they are able to supply a file (e.g. when an online profile picture is processed) with a malicious XMP segment. If the XMP metadata of the uploaded image is parsed, then the XXE vulnerability is triggered.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
☕Mavencom.twelvemonkeys.imageio:imageio-metadataall versions3.7.1com.twelvemonkeys.imageio:imageio-metadata:3.7.1

Affected Products

1 product · 1 configurations
Application
twelvemonkeystwelvemonkeys_project
< 3.7.1
range

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for com.twelvemonkeys.imageio:imageio-metadata, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update com.twelvemonkeys.imageio:imageio-metadata to 3.7.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-pjch-4g28-fxx7 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

Frequently Asked Questions

The package com.twelvemonkeys.imageio:imageio-metadata before version 3.7.1 is vulnerable to XML External Entity (XXE) Injection due to an insecurely initialized XML parser for reading XMP Metadata. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability if they are able to supply a file (e.g. when an online profile picture is processed) with a malicious XMP segment. If the XMP metadata of the uploaded image is parsed, then the XXE vulnerability is triggered.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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External Entity Reference in TwelveMonkeys ImageIO