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Not in CISA KEV
HIGH severity

GHSA-mmhj-4w6j-76h7

HIGHFix: laverdet/isolated-vm@2646e6c

GHSA-mmhj-4w6j-76h7 is a high-severity (CVSS 8) CWE-913 vulnerability in isolated-vm. O3 Security confirms whether GHSA-mmhj-4w6j-76h7 is actually reachable in your code before you act, and blocks exploitation at runtime until you patch.

Misuse of `Reference` and other transferable APIs may lead to access to nodejs isolate

Also known asCVE-2021-21413
Published
Apr 6, 2021
Updated
Jul 8, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Jul 8, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, a proxy for how much of the ecosystem is exposed.

isolated-vmnpm
1.1Mdownloads / week

Description

Versions of isolated-vm before v4.0.0, and especially before v3.0.0, have API pitfalls which may make it easy for implementers to expose supposed secure isolates to the permissions of the main nodejs isolate.

Reference objects allow access to the underlying reference's full prototype chain. In an environment where the implementer has exposed a Reference instance to an attacker they would be able to use it to acquire a Reference to the nodejs context's Function object.

Similar application-specific attacks could be possible by modifying the local prototype of other API objects.

Access to NativeModule objects could allow an attacker to load and run native code from anywhere on the filesystem. If combined with, for example, a file upload API this would allow for arbitrary code execution.

To address these issues the following changes were made in v4.0.0:

  • Documentation was updated with more explicit guidelines on building secure applications.
  • Reference instances will no longer follow prototype chains by default, nor will they invoke accessors or proxies.
  • All isolated-vm API prototypes are now immutable.
  • NativeModule constructor may only be invoked from a nodejs isolate.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmisolated-vmall versions4.0.0

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for isolated-vm. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update isolated-vm to 4.0.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-mmhj-4w6j-76h7 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-mmhj-4w6j-76h7 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-mmhj-4w6j-76h7. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

Versions of `isolated-vm` before v4.0.0, and especially before v3.0.0, have API pitfalls which may make it easy for implementers to expose supposed secure isolates to the permissions of the main nodejs isolate. `Reference` objects allow access to the underlying reference's full prototype chain. In an environment where the implementer has exposed a `Reference` instance to an attacker they would be able to use it to acquire a `Reference` to the nodejs context's `Function` object. Similar application-specific attacks could be possible by modifying the local prototype of other API objects. Acce
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-mmhj-4w6j-76h7 in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-mmhj-4w6j-76h7 across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.

GHSA-mmhj-4w6j-76h7: isolated-vm Remote… | O3 Security