GHSA-jm35-h8q2-73mp
MEDIUMImproper one time password handling in devise-two-factor
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
Blast Radius
devise-two-factorReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects RubyGems packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
Impact
As a result of an incomplete fix for CVE-2015-7225, in versions of devise-two-factor prior to 4.0.2 it is possible to reuse a One-Time-Password (OTP) for one (and only one) immediately trailing interval.
Patches
This vulnerability has been patched in version 4.0.2 which was released on March 24th, 2022. Individuals using this package are strongly encouraged to upgrade as soon as possible.
Credit for discovery
Benoit Côté-Jodoin Michael Nipper - https://github.com/tinfoil/devise-two-factor/issues/106
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 💎RubyGems | devise-two-factor | all versions | 4.0.2 |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for devise-two-factor. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.
Fix
Update devise-two-factor to 4.0.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-jm35-h8q2-73mp is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-jm35-h8q2-73mp is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.
Tailored to GHSA-jm35-h8q2-73mp. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is GHSA-jm35-h8q2-73mp in your dependencies?
O3 detects GHSA-jm35-h8q2-73mp across RubyGems dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.