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MEDIUM severity

GHSA-jggg-4jg4-v7c6

MEDIUM

GHSA-jggg-4jg4-v7c6 is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.3) CWE-674 vulnerability in protobufjs. O3 Security confirms whether GHSA-jggg-4jg4-v7c6 is actually reachable in your code before you act, and blocks exploitation at runtime until you patch.

protobufjs: Denial of Service via unbounded recursive JSON descriptor expansion

Also known asCVE-2026-45740
Published
May 19, 2026
Updated
May 20, 2026
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Aug 14, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
  • CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-jggg-4jg4-v7c6.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.3%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs18th percentile — riskier than 18% of all scored CVEsHighest risk
0.00%0.25%0.51%0.76%0.1%0.3%0.3%0.3%Jun 26Aug 26Aug 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-jggg-4jg4-v7c6 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 0 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

6Kother npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream
protobufjsnpm
76.1Mdownloads / week

Description

Summary

protobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while expanding nested JSON descriptors through Root.fromJSON() and Namespace.addJSON().

A crafted JSON descriptor with deeply nested namespace definitions could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during descriptor loading.

Impact

An attacker who can provide JSON descriptors loaded by an application may be able to crash the process or otherwise cause schema loading to fail with a stack overflow.

This affects applications that load JSON descriptors from untrusted sources with affected versions.

Preconditions

  • The application must load JSON descriptor data influenced by an attacker.
  • The crafted descriptor must contain deeply nested nested namespace objects.
  • The affected Root.fromJSON() / Namespace.addJSON() descriptor expansion path must process the crafted input.

Workarounds

Avoid loading untrusted protobuf JSON descriptors with affected versions. If immediate upgrade is not possible, reject excessively nested descriptor structures at an outer validation boundary where feasible, or isolate descriptor loading in a process that can be safely restarted.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmprotobufjsall versions7.5.8
📦npmprotobufjs8.0.0&&< 8.2.08.2.0

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for protobufjs. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update protobufjs to 7.5.8 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-jggg-4jg4-v7c6 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-jggg-4jg4-v7c6 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-jggg-4jg4-v7c6. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Fixing This On Your OS

If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.

Red HatImportant

This is an Important denial of service flaw in protobufjs, which could allow a remote attacker to exhaust the JavaScript call stack by providing a specially crafted JSON descriptor with deeply nested namespace definitions. This vulnerability impacts Red Hat products that utilize protobufjs for processing protobuf…

Frequently Asked Questions

## Summary protobufjs could recurse without a depth limit while expanding nested JSON descriptors through `Root.fromJSON()` and `Namespace.addJSON()`. A crafted JSON descriptor with deeply nested namespace definitions could cause the JavaScript call stack to be exhausted during descriptor loading. ## Impact An attacker who can provide JSON descriptors loaded by an application may be able to crash the process or otherwise cause schema loading to fail with a stack overflow. This affects applications that load JSON descriptors from untrusted sources with affected versions. ## Preconditions
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-jggg-4jg4-v7c6 in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-jggg-4jg4-v7c6 across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.