How severe is GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv?

GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv has a CVSS score of 9.8/10, rated CRITICAL. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv?

GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv affects the following packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven). Ecosystems affected: Maven.

How do I fix GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv?

Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.5.26 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv in my Maven dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts:struts2-core, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Is GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 14 known exploit references for GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv, including 8 in-the-wild exploitations observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv?

GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 95.9%, placing it in the 100th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. A score above 50% indicates significantly elevated exploitation risk — immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Is GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog?

Yes. GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv (Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability) was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog on 2021-11-03. CISA required all US federal civilian agencies to remediate this vulnerability by 2022-05-03. The required action was: Apply updates per vendor instructions. Being listed in the KEV catalog is the strongest possible confirmation of active exploitation — treat this as a critical priority.

What type of vulnerability is GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv?

GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv is classified as Expression Language Injection (CWE-917). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

Is there exploit tooling available for GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv?

A Nuclei detection template exists for GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv, meaning automated scanners can fingerprint it. 2 Metasploit modules reference GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv, which lowers the barrier to weaponization. Public exploit tooling significantly increases real-world risk — prioritize patching and ensure detection coverage. Exploit tooling should only ever be used in isolated, authorized testing environments.

When was GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv published, and has it been updated?

GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv was published on February 9, 2022 and was last updated on October 22, 2025. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

☕

☕ Maven

CISA KEV · ACTIVELY EXPLOITED

CRITICAL severity

Remote code execution in Apache StrutsGHSA-jc35-q369-45pv

CRITICAL

GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv is a critical-severity (CVSS 9.8) Expression Language Injection vulnerability in org.apache.struts:struts2-core. It is in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2021-11-03) — treat it as actively exploited and patch now. A fix is available for org.apache.struts:struts2-core — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Also known asCVE-2020-17530

Published

Feb 9, 2022

Updated

Oct 22, 2025

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

14 known

Exploitation data as of Oct 24, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, CISA KEV, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Actively exploited in the wild

Confirmed by CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2021-11-03. Federal agencies were required to remediate by 2022-05-03.
CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA (KEV catalog and SSVC triage) for GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

95.9%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Very High Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs100th percentile — riskier than 100% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-jc35-q369-45pv by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). In the shaded patch-first corner (EPSS 50%+, CVSS 7.0+).

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 395,249 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the ≥ 90% band (highlighted). Counts from FIRST.org, log-scaled.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

☕org.apache.struts:struts2-core

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Forced OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution. Affected software : Apache Struts 2.0.0 - Struts 2.5.25.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
☕Maven	`org.apache.struts:struts2-core`	≥ 2.0.0&&< 2.5.26	2.5.26`org.apache.struts:struts2-core:2.5.26`

Affected Products

8 products · 13 configurations

Application

strutsapache

≥ 2.0.0 && < 2.5.30

range

Application

business intelligenceoracle

2 versions

12.2.1.3.012.2.1.4.0

Application

communications diameter intelligence huboracle

4 versions

8.0.08.1.08.2.08.2.3

Application

communications policy managementoracle

1 version

12.5.0

Application

communications pricing design centeroracle

1 version

12.0.0.3.0

Application

financial services data integration huboracle

2 versions

8.0.38.0.6

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.