How severe is GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989?

GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 has a CVSS score of 10/10, rated CRITICAL. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989?

GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 affects the following packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven), org.apache.struts:struts2-core (Maven). Ecosystems affected: Maven.

How do I fix GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989?

Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.3.32 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 in my Maven dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts:struts2-core. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

How do I mitigate GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

How does O3 Security protect against GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989?

O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Is GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 actively exploited in the wild?

Yes. There are 57 known exploit references for GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989, including 2 documented proof-of-concept exploits on Exploit-DB and 34 in-the-wild exploitations observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization.

What is the EPSS score for GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989?

GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 100.0%, placing it in the 100th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. A score above 50% indicates significantly elevated exploitation risk — immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Is GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog?

Yes. GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 (Apache Struts Remote Code Execution Vulnerability) was added to CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog on 2021-11-03. CISA required all US federal civilian agencies to remediate this vulnerability by 2022-05-03. The required action was: Apply updates per vendor instructions. This CVE has been used in known ransomware campaigns. Being listed in the KEV catalog is the strongest possible confirmation of active exploitation — treat this as a critical priority.

What type of vulnerability is GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989?

GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 is classified as CWE-755 (CWE-755). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

Is there exploit tooling available for GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989?

A Nuclei detection template exists for GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989, meaning automated scanners can fingerprint it. 2 Metasploit modules reference GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989, which lowers the barrier to weaponization. Public exploit tooling significantly increases real-world risk — prioritize patching and ensure detection coverage. Exploit tooling should only ever be used in isolated, authorized testing environments.

When was GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 published, and has it been updated?

GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 was published on October 18, 2018 and was last updated on October 22, 2025. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

CISA KEV·Added 2021-11-03 — agencies required to remediate by 2022-05-03 · Ransomware

☕ Maven

GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989

CRITICAL

Apache Struts vulnerable to remote arbitrary command execution due to improper input validation

Also known asCVE-2017-5638

Published

Oct 18, 2018

Updated

Oct 22, 2025

Affected

2 pkgs

Patched

2 / 2

Exploits

57 known

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

100.0%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Very High Risk100th percentile0.00%

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

2 pkgs affected

☕org.apache.struts:struts2-core☕org.apache.struts:struts2-core

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Apache Struts versions prior to 2.3.32 and 2.5.10.1 contain incorrect exception handling and error-message generation during file-upload attempts using the Jakarta Multipart parser, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted Content-Type, Content-Disposition, or Content-Length HTTP header, as exploited in the wild in March 2017 with a Content-Type header containing a #cmd= string.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
☕Maven	`org.apache.struts:struts2-core`	≥ 2.3.0&&< 2.3.32	2.3.32
☕Maven	`org.apache.struts:struts2-core`	≥ 2.5.0&&< 2.5.10.1	2.5.10.1

Exploits & PoCs

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

EDB-41614remotemultiple✓ Verified

Apache Struts 2.3.5 < 2.3.31 / 2.5 < 2.5.10 - 'Jakarta' Multipart Parser OGNL Injection (Metasploit)

by Metasploit · Mar 15, 2017

Exploit-DB Source

EDB-41570webappslinux✓ Verified

Apache Struts 2.3.5 < 2.3.31 / 2.5 < 2.5.10 - Remote Code Execution

by Vex Woo · Mar 7, 2017

Exploit-DB Source

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.struts:struts2-core. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.
Fix
Update org.apache.struts:struts2-core to 2.3.32 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-j77q-2qqg-6989 across Maven dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works