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GHSA-hxj9-33pp-j2cc

Elysia vulnerable to prototype pollution with multiple standalone schema validation

Also known asCVE-2025-66456
Published
Dec 9, 2025
Updated
Feb 4, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.5%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk37th percentile+0.22%
0.00%0.32%0.65%0.97%0.1%0.5%Jan 26Apr 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

1 pkg affected

Weekly download volume for affected packages — a proxy for how broadly this vulnerability is deployed.

elysianpm
586Kdownloads / week

Description

Prototype pollution vulnerability in mergeDeep after merging results of two standard schema validations with the same key. Due to the ordering of merging, there must be an any type that is set as a standalone guard, to allow for the __proto__ prop to be merged.

When combined with GHSA-8vch-m3f4-q8jf this allows for a full RCE by an attacker.

Impact

Routes with more than 2 standalone schema validation, eg. zod

Example vulnerable code:

import { Elysia } from "elysia"
import * as z from "zod"

const app = new Elysia()
	.guard({
		schema: "standalone",
		body: z.object({
			data: z.any()
		})
	})
	.post("/", ({ body }) => ({ body, win: {}.foo }), {
		body: z.object({
			data: z.object({
				messageId: z.string("pollute-me"),
			})
		})
	})

Patches

Patched by 1.4.17 (https://github.com/elysiajs/elysia/pull/1564)

Reference commit:

Workarounds

Remove __proto__ key from body

Example plugin for removing __proto__ from body

new Elysia()
	.onTransform(({ body, headers }) => {
		if (headers['content-type'] === 'application/json')
			return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(body), (k, v) => {
				if (k === '__proto__') return

				return v
			})
	})

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmelysia1.4.0&&< 1.4.171.4.17

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for elysia. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update elysia to 1.4.17 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-hxj9-33pp-j2cc is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-hxj9-33pp-j2cc is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-hxj9-33pp-j2cc. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

Prototype pollution vulnerability in `mergeDeep` after merging results of two standard schema validations with the same key. Due to the ordering of merging, there must be an `any` type that is set as a `standalone` guard, to allow for the `__proto__` prop to be merged. When combined with GHSA-8vch-m3f4-q8jf this allows for a full RCE by an attacker. ### Impact Routes with more than 2 standalone schema validation, eg. zod Example vulnerable code: ```typescript import { Elysia } from "elysia" import * as z from "zod" const app = new Elysia() .guard({ schema: "standalone", body: z.object
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-hxj9-33pp-j2cc in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-hxj9-33pp-j2cc across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.