How severe is GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh?

No CVSS score has been assigned to GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

Which packages are affected by GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh?

GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh affects the following packages: n8n (npm), n8n (npm), n8n (npm). Ecosystems affected: npm.

How do I fix GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh?

Update n8n to 1.123.67 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh in my npm dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for n8n, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Cap what an attacker can consume: apply request size, rate and timeout limits in front of the affected component, and run it with memory and CPU limits so exhaustion degrades one worker rather than the whole service.

Is GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh?

GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 0.5%, placing it in the 43th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh?

GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh is classified as CWE-1321 (CWE-1321). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

When was GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh published, and has it been updated?

GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh was published on July 22, 2026 and was last updated on August 12, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

📦 npm

Not in CISA KEV

n8n: Prototype Pollution via VM Expression Engine Sandbox Escape Leads to Denial of ServiceGHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh

Fix: n8n-io/n8n@f69dfc6

GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh is a CWE-1321 vulnerability in n8n. A fix is available for n8n — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Also known asCVE-2026-72769

Published

Jul 22, 2026

Updated

Aug 12, 2026

Affected

3 pkgs

Patched

3 / 3

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Oct 24, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

0.5%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs43th percentile — riskier than 43% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

Real-World Exposure

3 pkgs affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

36other npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream

n8nnpm

80Kdownloads / week

Description

Impact

An authenticated user able to create or edit a workflow expression could abuse the expression engine's array-element access to obtain a reference to a host built-in and pollute its prototype in the main n8n process, leading to a denial of service.

Both self-hosted and cloud instances running the VM expression engine are affected.

Patches

The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 1.123.67, 2.31.5, and 2.32.1. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability.

Workarounds

If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations:

Restrict n8n instance access to fully trusted users only.
Disable the VM expression engine if an alternative is available for your deployment.

These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.

Affected Packages

3 total 3 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
📦npm	`n8n`	all versions	1.123.67`npm install n8n@1.123.67`
📦npm	`n8n`	≥ 2.32.0&&< 2.32.1	2.32.1`npm install n8n@2.32.1`
📦npm	`n8n`	≥ 2.0.0-rc.0&&< 2.31.5	2.31.5`npm install n8n@2.31.5`

Affected Products

1 product · 3 configurations

Application

n8nn8n

≥ 2.0.0 && < 2.31.5

1 version

2.32.0

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for n8n, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update n8n to 1.123.67 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-hx4h-vr3m-45vh is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Cap what an attacker can consume: apply request size, rate and timeout limits in front of the affected component, and run it with memory and CPU limits so exhaustion degrades one worker rather than the whole service.

Frequently Asked Questions

## Impact An authenticated user able to create or edit a workflow expression could abuse the expression engine's array-element access to obtain a reference to a host built-in and pollute its prototype in the main n8n process, leading to a denial of service. Both self-hosted and cloud instances running the VM expression engine are affected. ## Patches The issue has been fixed in n8n versions 1.123.67, 2.31.5, and 2.32.1. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate the vulnerability. ## Workarounds If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should cons

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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