GHSA-gqw4-4w2p-838q — composer/composer
HIGHGHSA-gqw4-4w2p-838q is a high-severity (CVSS 8.8) Improper Input Validation vulnerability in composer/composer. A fix is available for composer/composer — see the affected versions and patch details below.
Composer has a command injection via malicious perforce reference
Exploitation Status
No confirmed exploitation observed yet
- A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
- CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-gqw4-4w2p-838q.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
How urgent is this, really
GHSA-gqw4-4w2p-838q plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.
Where this sits among everything scored
Of 377,166 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.
Real-World Exposure
composer/composer🐘composer/composerReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Packagist packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
Impact
The Perforce::syncCodeBase() method appended the $sourceReference parameter to a shell command without proper escaping, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary commands through a crafted source reference containing shell metacharacters. Further as in GHSA-wg36-wvj6-r67p / CVE-2026-40176 the Perforce::generateP4Command() method constructed shell commands by interpolating user-supplied Perforce connection parameters (port, user, client) without proper escaping from the source url field. Composer would execute these injected commands even if Perforce is not installed.
The source reference and url are provided as part of package metadata. Any Composer package repository can serve package metadata declaring perforce as a source type with a malicious source reference or source url. This means the vulnerability can be exploited through any package served by a compromised or malicious Composer repository. An attack does not require Perforce to be installed on the client, as Composer will attempt to execute the constructed command regardless.
This vulnerability is exploitable when installing or updating dependencies from source (--prefer-source, default when installing dev prefixed versions), even if you do not use Perforce.
Patches
Fixed in Composer 2.2.27 (2.2 LTS) and 2.9.6 (mainline)
Note, the fix for the source url in the Perforce::generateP4Command() was addressed as part of the patches for GHSA-wg36-wvj6-r67p / CVE-2026-40176 in the same versions.
Workarounds
- Avoid installing dependencies from source by using
--prefer-distor thepreferred-install: distconfig setting. - Only use trusted Composer repositories.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🐘Packagist | composer/composer | ≥ 2.3.0&&< 2.9.6 | 2.9.6composer require composer/composer:^2.9.6 |
| 🐘Packagist | composer/composer | ≥ 1.0.0&&< 2.2.27 | 2.2.27composer require composer/composer:^2.2.27 |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for composer/composer, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update composer/composer to 2.9.6 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-gqw4-4w2p-838q is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-gqw4-4w2p-838q can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to GHSA-gqw4-4w2p-838q. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Fixing This On Your OS
If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.
This issue can be exploited via any package served by a compromised or malicious Composer repository when installing or updating dependencies from source, including the default behavior when installing dev-prefixed versions. Exploitation results in arbitrary command execution. Due to these reasons, this flaw has been…
| Product | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|
| Red Hat Hardened Images | composer-main-2.9.7-1.hum1 | RHSA-2026:8165 |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is GHSA-gqw4-4w2p-838q in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds GHSA-gqw4-4w2p-838q across Packagist dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.