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Not in CISA KEV
HIGH severity

GHSA-g3pv-pj5f-3hfq — mechanize

HIGHFix: python-mechanize/mechanize@dd05334

GHSA-g3pv-pj5f-3hfq is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) CWE-1333 vulnerability in mechanize. 2 public exploit references exist, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for mechanize — see the affected versions and patch details below.

mechanize Regular Expression Denial of Service vulnerability

Also known asCVE-2021-32837PYSEC-2023-25
Published
Jan 18, 2023
Updated
Dec 22, 2025
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
2 known
Exploitation data as of Sep 27, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-g3pv-pj5f-3hfq.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
28.9%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Moderate Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs98th percentile — riskier than 98% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-g3pv-pj5f-3hfq by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). Outside the shaded patch-first corner.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 379,842 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the 10–50% band (highlighted). Counts from FIRST.org, log-scaled.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected
🐍mechanize

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

mechanize, a library for automatically interacting with HTTP web servers, contains a regular expression that is vulnerable to regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) prior to version 0.4.6. If a web server responds in a malicious way, then mechanize could crash. Version 0.4.6 has a patch for the issue.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🐍PyPImechanizeall versions0.4.6pip install --upgrade 'mechanize==0.4.6'

Affected Products

1 product · 1 configurations
Application
mechanizemechanize_project
< 0.4.6
range
Exploits & PoCs
2

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for mechanize, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update mechanize to 0.4.6 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-g3pv-pj5f-3hfq is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    Cap what an attacker can consume: apply request size, rate and timeout limits in front of the affected component, and run it with memory and CPU limits so exhaustion degrades one worker rather than the whole service.

Frequently Asked Questions

mechanize, a library for automatically interacting with HTTP web servers, contains a regular expression that is vulnerable to regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) prior to version 0.4.6. If a web server responds in a malicious way, then mechanize could crash. Version 0.4.6 has a patch for the issue.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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GHSA-g3pv-pj5f-3hfq: mechanize (High 7.5) | O3 Security