GHSA-fprr-rrm8-4534
CRITICALApache Dubbo vulnerable to remote code execution via Telnet Handler
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
Blast Radius
org.apache.dubbo:dubbo-parent☕org.apache.dubbo:dubbo-parentReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
Apache Dubbo is a Java based, open source RPC framework. Versions prior to 2.6.10 and 2.7.10 are vulnerable to pre-authorization remote code execution via arbitrary bean manipulation in the Telnet handler. The Dubbo main service port can be used to access a Telnet Handler which offers some basic methods to collect information about the providers and methods exposed by the service and it can even allow to shutdown the service. This endpoint is unprotected.
Additionally, a provider method can be invoked using the invoke handler. This handler uses a safe version of FastJson to process the call arguments. However, the resulting list is later processed with PojoUtils.realize which can be used to instantiate arbitrary classes and invoke its setters. Even though FastJson is properly protected with a default blocklist, PojoUtils.realize is not, and an attacker can leverage that to achieve remote code execution.
Versions 2.6.10 and 2.7.10 contain fixes for this issue.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| ☕Maven | org.apache.dubbo:dubbo-parent | all versions | 2.6.10 |
| ☕Maven | org.apache.dubbo:dubbo-parent | ≥ 2.7.0&&< 2.7.10 | 2.7.10 |
Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.apache.dubbo:dubbo-parent. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.
Fix
Update org.apache.dubbo:dubbo-parent to 2.6.10 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-fprr-rrm8-4534 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-fprr-rrm8-4534 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.
Tailored to GHSA-fprr-rrm8-4534. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is GHSA-fprr-rrm8-4534 in your dependencies?
O3 detects GHSA-fprr-rrm8-4534 across Maven dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.