How severe is GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q?

GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q has a CVSS score of 5.9/10, rated MEDIUM. Review your exposure and patch according to your risk tolerance.

Which packages are affected by GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q?

GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q affects the following packages: NHibernate (NuGet), NHibernate (NuGet). Ecosystems affected: NuGet.

How do I fix GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q?

Update NHibernate to 5.4.9 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q in my NuGet dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for NHibernate, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Until you can upgrade, make sure every query built from user input uses parameterised statements or a prepared-statement API rather than string concatenation, and reduce the database account's privileges so an injected query cannot read or alter data beyond what the feature needs.

Is GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q?

GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 0.6%, placing it in the 48th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q?

GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q is classified as SQL Injection (CWE-89). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q published, and has it been updated?

GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q was published on July 8, 2024 and was last updated on September 10, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

.NET

.NET NuGet

Not in CISA KEV

MEDIUM severity

NHibernate SQL injection vulnerability in discriminator mappings, static fields referenced in HQL, and some utilitiesGHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q

MEDIUMFix: nhibernate/nhibernate-core#3517

GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.9) SQL Injection vulnerability in NHibernate. A fix is available for NHibernate — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Also known asCVE-2024-39677

Published

Jul 8, 2024

Updated

Sep 10, 2026

Affected

2 pkgs

Patched

2 / 2

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Nov 3, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

0.6%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs48th percentile — riskier than 48% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected

.NETNHibernate.NETNHibernate

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects NuGet packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

A SQL injection vulnerability exists in some types implementing ILiteralType.ObjectToSQLString. Callers of these methods are exposed to the vulnerability, which includes:

Mappings using inheritance with discriminator values:
- The discriminator value could be written in the mapping in a way exploiting the vulnerability of the associated discriminator type, if that type is among the vulnerable ones.
- The current culture settings for formatting the discriminator value type could be altered in a way resulting into SQL injections with the discriminator values.
HQL queries referencing a static field of the application.
Users of the SqlInsertBuilder and SqlUpdateBuilder utilities, calling their AddColumn overload taking a literal value. These overloads are unused by NHibernate but could be used by users referencing directly these utilities.
Any direct use of the ObjectToSQLString methods for building SQL queries on the user side.

Patches

Releases 5.4.9 and 5.5.2.

Workarounds

Ensure the application does not use the features listed above.
For discriminator usages, ensure the discriminator values in the mappings do not contain quotes for string discriminators. Furthermore, for types which ToString conversion can be altered to include SQL injections through adequate hacking of the current culture settings, either change for another type, or ensure the used values cannot allow culture exploits, or ensure the application performs sanity checks of the current culture settings. Types sensitive to culture include integers for negative values, dates, times and datetimes, floats and decimals.

References

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
.NETNuGet	`NHibernate`	all versions	5.4.9`dotnet add package NHibernate --version 5.4.9`
.NETNuGet	`NHibernate`	≥ 5.5.0&&< 5.5.2	5.5.2`dotnet add package NHibernate --version 5.5.2`

Affected Products

1 product · 2 configurations

Application

nhibernate-corenhibernate

≥ 5.5.0 && < 5.5.2

range

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for NHibernate, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update NHibernate to 5.4.9 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-fg4q-ccq8-3r5q is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Until you can upgrade, make sure every query built from user input uses parameterised statements or a prepared-statement API rather than string concatenation, and reduce the database account's privileges so an injected query cannot read or alter data beyond what the feature needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact A SQL injection vulnerability exists in some types implementing `ILiteralType.ObjectToSQLString`. Callers of these methods are exposed to the vulnerability, which includes: - Mappings using inheritance with discriminator values: - The discriminator value could be written in the mapping in a way exploiting the vulnerability of the associated discriminator type, if that type is among the vulnerable ones. - The current culture settings for formatting the discriminator value type could be altered in a way resulting into SQL injections with the discriminator values. - HQL queries