How severe is GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7?

No CVSS score has been assigned to GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

Which packages are affected by GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7?

GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 affects the following packages: openclaw (npm). Ecosystems affected: npm.

How do I fix GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7?

Update openclaw to 2026.3.28 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 in my npm dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for openclaw, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

How does O3 Security protect against GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7?

O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Is GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7?

GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 0.6%, placing it in the 45th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7?

GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 is classified as CWE-770 (CWE-770). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

When was GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 published, and has it been updated?

GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 was published on March 31, 2026 and was last updated on May 5, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

📦 npm

Not in CISA KEV

GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 — openclaw

Fix: openclaw/openclaw@cb5f7e2

GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 is a CWE-770 vulnerability in openclaw. A fix is available for openclaw — see the affected versions and patch details below.

OpenClaw: Gateway WebSocket Denial of Service via unbounded pre-auth upgrades

Also known asCVE-2026-41399

Published

Mar 31, 2026

Updated

May 5, 2026

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Sep 24, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

0.6%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs45th percentile — riskier than 45% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

133other npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream

openclawnpm

2.5Mdownloads / week

Description

Summary

The gateway accepted unbounded concurrent unauthenticated WebSocket upgrades before allocating them to an authenticated session budget.

Impact

An unauthenticated network attacker could consume socket and worker capacity and disrupt WebSocket availability for legitimate clients.

Affected Component

src/gateway/server-http.ts, src/gateway/server/preauth-connection-budget.ts

Fixed Versions

Affected: <= 2026.3.24
Patched: >= 2026.3.28
Latest stable 2026.3.28 contains the fix.

Fix

Fixed by commit cb5f7e201f (gateway: cap concurrent pre-auth websocket upgrades).

Discovered by：Topsec AlphaLab (wang dong)

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
📦npm	`openclaw`	all versions	2026.3.28`npm install openclaw@2026.3.28`

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for openclaw, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update openclaw to 2026.3.28 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

## Summary The gateway accepted unbounded concurrent unauthenticated WebSocket upgrades before allocating them to an authenticated session budget. ## Impact An unauthenticated network attacker could consume socket and worker capacity and disrupt WebSocket availability for legitimate clients. ## Affected Component `src/gateway/server-http.ts, src/gateway/server/preauth-connection-budget.ts` ## Fixed Versions - Affected: `<= 2026.3.24` - Patched: `>= 2026.3.28` - Latest stable `2026.3.28` contains the fix. ## Fix Fixed by commit `cb5f7e201f` (`gateway: cap concurrent pre-auth websocket

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-f44p-c7w9-7xr7 across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works