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GHSA-c9p4-xwr9-rfhx

HIGH

Zot IdP group membership revocation ignored

Also known asCVE-2025-23208GO-2025-3409
Published
Jan 17, 2025
Updated
Feb 4, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk31th percentile+0.29%
0.00%0.30%0.60%0.89%0.2%0.4%Dec 25Apr 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

1 pkg affected
🐹zotregistry.dev/zot

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Go packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Summary

The group data stored for users in the boltdb database (meta.db) is an append-list so group revocations/removals are ignored in the API.

Details

SetUserGroups is alled on login, but instead of replacing the group memberships, they are appended. This may be due to some conflict with the group definitions in the config file, but that wasn't obvious to me if it were the case.

PoC

Login with group claims, logout, remove the user from a group from at IdP and log in again, the API still grants access and the new list of groups is appended creating meaningless duplicate entries and no longer mathing the expected groups from the IdP. The behavior can be verified by seeing the API or UI still presenting images it should not or by viewing the data directly: bbolt get meta.db UserData <user>, eg:

image

Note this example also has duplicates due to group hierarchy changes that were left in the database.

Impact

Any Zot configuration that relies on group-based authorization will not respect group remove/revocation by an IdP.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🐹Gozotregistry.dev/zotall versions2.1.2

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for zotregistry.dev/zot. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update zotregistry.dev/zot to 2.1.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-c9p4-xwr9-rfhx is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-c9p4-xwr9-rfhx is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-c9p4-xwr9-rfhx. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Summary The group data stored for users in the boltdb database (meta.db) is an append-list so group revocations/removals are ignored in the API. ### Details [SetUserGroups](https://github.com/project-zot/zot/blob/5e30fec65c49e3139907e2819ccb39b2e3bd784e/pkg/meta/boltdb/boltdb.go#L1665) is alled on login, but instead of replacing the group memberships, they are appended. This may be due to some conflict with the group definitions in the config file, but that wasn't obvious to me if it were the case. ### PoC Login with group claims, logout, remove the user from a group from at IdP and log
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-c9p4-xwr9-rfhx in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-c9p4-xwr9-rfhx across Go dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.