Your RSA-2048 keys break in 2030. Find every one of them before attackers do.
☕
☕ Maven
Not in CISA KEV
CRITICAL severity

GHSA-c9c2-wcxh-3w5j — email-ext

CRITICALFix: jenkinsci/email-ext-plugin@ffe44a4

GHSA-c9c2-wcxh-3w5j is a critical-severity (CVSS 9.9) CWE-693 vulnerability in org.jenkins-ci.plugins:email-ext. A fix is available for org.jenkins-ci.plugins:email-ext — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Sandbox escape in Jenkins Email Extension Plugin

Also known asCVE-2023-25765
Published
Feb 15, 2023
Updated
Feb 16, 2024
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 23, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

  • A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
  • CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-c9c2-wcxh-3w5j.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.1%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs64th percentile — riskier than 64% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-c9c2-wcxh-3w5j plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 379,145 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected
☕org.jenkins-ci.plugins:email-ext

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

In Jenkins Email Extension Plugin 2.93 and earlier, templates defined inside a folder were not subject to Script Security protection, allowing attackers able to define email templates in folders to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
☕Mavenorg.jenkins-ci.plugins:email-extall versions2.94org.jenkins-ci.plugins:email-ext:2.94

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.jenkins-ci.plugins:email-ext, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update org.jenkins-ci.plugins:email-ext to 2.94 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-c9c2-wcxh-3w5j is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-c9c2-wcxh-3w5j can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-c9c2-wcxh-3w5j. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

In Jenkins Email Extension Plugin 2.93 and earlier, templates defined inside a folder were not subject to Script Security protection, allowing attackers able to define email templates in folders to bypass the sandbox protection and execute arbitrary code in the context of the Jenkins controller JVM.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-c9c2-wcxh-3w5j in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-c9c2-wcxh-3w5j across Maven dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

GHSA-c9c2-wcxh-3w5j: email-ext (Critical 9.9) | O3 Security