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Not in CISA KEV
HIGH severity

GHSA-c2pj-v37r-2p6h v3

HIGHFix: corazawaf/coraza@24af0c8

GHSA-c2pj-v37r-2p6h is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v3. A fix is available for github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v3 — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Coraza has potential denial of service vulnerability

Also known asCVE-2023-40586GO-2023-1874
Published
Jun 26, 2023
Updated
Nov 8, 2023
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
1 / 2
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 19, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-c2pj-v37r-2p6h.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.7%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs53th percentile — riskier than 53% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-c2pj-v37r-2p6h plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 377,166 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected
🐹github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v3🐹github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v2

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Go packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Summary

Due to the misuse of log.Fatalf, the application using coraza crashed after receiving crafted requests from attackers.

Details

https://github.com/corazawaf/coraza/blob/82157f85f24c6107667bf0f686b71a72aafdf8a5/internal/bodyprocessors/multipart.go#L26-L29 The bodyprocessors of multipart uses log.Fatalf to handle errors from the mime.ParseMediaType, but log.Fatalf calls os.Exit directly after logging the error. https://github.com/golang/go/blob/a031f4ef83edc132d5f49382bfef491161de2476/src/log/log.go#L288-L291 This means that the application will immediately crash after receiving a malicious request that triggers an error in mime.ParseMediaType.

PoC

The server can be demonstrated by https://github.com/corazawaf/coraza/tree/main/examples/http-server

After sending this request

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:8090
User-Agent: curl/8.1.2
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 199
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=------------------------5fa6351b877326a1; a=1; a=2
Connection: close

--------------------------5fa6351b877326a1
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="123"
Content-Type: application/octet-stream

123

--------------------------5fa6351b877326a1--

The server will crash immediately. The a=1; a=2 in Content-Type makes mime: duplicate parameter name error.

Impact

I believe the vulnerability was introduced by the following commit: https://github.com/corazawaf/coraza/commit/24af0c8cf4f10bab558740b595712be3b85493ec.

Mitigation

The error from mime.ParseMediaType should return directly.

Affected Packages

2 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🐹Gogithub.com/corazawaf/coraza/v33.0.0&&< 3.0.13.0.1go get github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v3@v3.0.1
🐹Gogithub.com/corazawaf/coraza/v22.0.0No fix

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v3, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update github.com/corazawaf/coraza/v3 to 3.0.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-c2pj-v37r-2p6h is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-c2pj-v37r-2p6h can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-c2pj-v37r-2p6h. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Summary Due to the misuse of `log.Fatalf`, the application using coraza crashed after receiving crafted requests from attackers. ### Details https://github.com/corazawaf/coraza/blob/82157f85f24c6107667bf0f686b71a72aafdf8a5/internal/bodyprocessors/multipart.go#L26-L29 The bodyprocessors of multipart uses `log.Fatalf` to handle errors from the `mime.ParseMediaType`, but `log.Fatalf` calls `os.Exit` directly after logging the error. https://github.com/golang/go/blob/a031f4ef83edc132d5f49382bfef491161de2476/src/log/log.go#L288-L291 This means that the application will immediately crash afte
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-c2pj-v37r-2p6h in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-c2pj-v37r-2p6h across Go dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

GHSA-c2pj-v37r-2p6h: v3 (High 7.5) | O3 Security