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MEDIUM severity

GHSA-9m5p-c77c-f9j7 cilium

MEDIUMFix: cilium/cilium#36252

GHSA-9m5p-c77c-f9j7 is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.3) CWE-770 vulnerability in github.com/cilium/cilium. A fix is available for github.com/cilium/cilium — see the affected versions and patch details below.

DoS in Cilium agent DNS proxy from crafted DNS responses

Also known asBIT-cilium-2025-23028BIT-cilium-operator-2025-23028BIT-hubble-relay-2025-23028CVE-2025-23028GO-2025-3415
Published
Jan 22, 2025
Updated
Sep 10, 2026
Affected
3 pkgs
Patched
3 / 3
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 22, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
  • CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-9m5p-c77c-f9j7.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs37th percentile — riskier than 37% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-9m5p-c77c-f9j7 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 377,636 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

3 pkgs affected
🐹github.com/cilium/cilium🐹github.com/cilium/cilium🐹github.com/cilium/cilium

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Go packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

In a Kubernetes cluster where Cilium is configured to proxy DNS traffic, an attacker can crash Cilium agents by sending a crafted DNS response to workloads from outside the cluster.

For traffic that is allowed but without using DNS-based policy, the dataplane will continue to pass traffic as configured at the time of the DoS. For workloads that have DNS-based policy configured, existing connections may continue to operate, and new connections made without relying on DNS resolution may continue to be established, but new connections which rely on DNS resolution may be disrupted. Any configuration changes that affect the impacted agent may not be applied until the agent is able to restart.

Patches

This issue affects:

  • Cilium v1.14 between v1.14.0 and v1.14.17 inclusive
  • Cilium v1.15 between v1.15.0 and v1.15.11 inclusive
  • Cilium v1.16 between v1.16.0 and v1.16.4 inclusive

This issue is fixed in:

  • Cilium v1.14.18
  • Cilium v1.15.12
  • Cilium v1.16.5

Workarounds

There are no known workarounds to this issue.

Acknowledgements

The Cilium community has worked together with members of Isovalent and the Cisco Advanced Security Initiatives Group (ASIG) to prepare these mitigations. Special thanks to @kokelley-cisco for reporting this issue and @bimmlerd for the fix.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please reach out on Slack.

If you think you have found a vulnerability affecting Cilium, we strongly encourage you to report it to our security mailing list at [email protected]. This is a private mailing list for the Cilium security team, and your report will be treated as top priority.

Affected Packages

3 total 3 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🐹Gogithub.com/cilium/cilium1.14.0&&< 1.14.181.14.18go get github.com/cilium/cilium@v1.14.18
🐹Gogithub.com/cilium/cilium1.15.0&&< 1.15.121.15.12go get github.com/cilium/cilium@v1.15.12
🐹Gogithub.com/cilium/cilium1.16.0&&< 1.16.51.16.5go get github.com/cilium/cilium@v1.16.5

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for github.com/cilium/cilium, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update github.com/cilium/cilium to 1.14.18 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-9m5p-c77c-f9j7 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-9m5p-c77c-f9j7 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-9m5p-c77c-f9j7. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact In a Kubernetes cluster where Cilium is configured to proxy DNS traffic, an attacker can crash Cilium agents by sending a crafted DNS response to workloads from outside the cluster. For traffic that is allowed but without using DNS-based policy, the dataplane will continue to pass traffic as configured at the time of the DoS. For workloads that have DNS-based policy configured, existing connections may continue to operate, and new connections made without relying on DNS resolution may continue to be established, but new connections which rely on DNS resolution may be disrupted. An
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-9m5p-c77c-f9j7 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-9m5p-c77c-f9j7 across Go dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

GHSA-9m5p-c77c-f9j7: cilium (Medium 5.3) | O3 Security