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MEDIUM severity

Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in PillowGHSA-9hx2-hgq2-2g4f

MEDIUMFix: python-pillow/Pillow@3bce145

GHSA-9hx2-hgq2-2g4f is a medium-severity (CVSS 6.5) CWE-1333 vulnerability in pillow. A fix is available for pillow — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Also known asBIT-pillow-2021-25292CVE-2021-25292PYSEC-2021-38
Published
Updated
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Oct 10, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.6%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs76th percentile — riskier than 76% of all scored CVEsHighest risk
0.00%0.71%1.42%2.13%0.1%1.6%Apr 26Aug 26Oct 26

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-9hx2-hgq2-2g4f by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). Outside the shaded patch-first corner.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 385,738 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Counts from FIRST.org, log-scaled.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected
🐍pillow

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

An issue was discovered in Pillow before 8.1.1. The PDF parser allows a regular expression DoS (ReDoS) attack via a crafted PDF file because of a catastrophic backtracking regex.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🐍PyPIpillow≥ 5.1.0&&< 8.1.18.1.1pip install --upgrade 'pillow==8.1.1'

Affected Products

1 product · 1 configurations
Application
pillowpython
< 8.1.1
range

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for pillow, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update pillow to 8.1.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-9hx2-hgq2-2g4f is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    Cap what an attacker can consume: apply request size, rate and timeout limits in front of the affected component, and run it with memory and CPU limits so exhaustion degrades one worker rather than the whole service.

Fixing This On Your OS

If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.

Red HatModerate
Workaround published by Red Hat
Disable the invoice generation feature to mitigate this vulnerability in Red Hat Quay.
Source: Red Hat security advisory for GHSA-9hx2-hgq2-2g4f (CC BY 4.0)
ProductFixed inAdvisory
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8python-pillow-0:5.1.1-16.el8RHSA-2021:4149
Red Hat Quay 3quay/quay-rhel8:v3.6.0-62RHSA-2021:3917
UbuntuMEDIUM
USN-4763-1Ubuntu

Frequently Asked Questions

An issue was discovered in Pillow before 8.1.1. The PDF parser allows a regular expression DoS (ReDoS) attack via a crafted PDF file because of a catastrophic backtracking regex.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in Pillow