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GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x

HIGH

auth0/node-jws Improperly Verifies HMAC Signature

Also known asCVE-2025-65945
Published
Dec 4, 2025
Updated
Feb 4, 2026
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
1 known

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.2%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk9th percentile+0.18%
0.00%0.23%0.46%0.69%0.0%0.2%Jan 26Apr 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

2 pkgs affected

Weekly download volume for affected packages — a proxy for how broadly this vulnerability is deployed.

jwsnpm
69.8Mdownloads / week

Description

Overview

An improper signature verification vulnerability exists when using auth0/node-jws with the HS256 algorithm under specific conditions.

Am I Affected?

You are affected by this vulnerability if you meet all of the following preconditions:

  1. Application uses the auth0/node-jws implementation of JSON Web Signatures, versions <=3.2.2 || 4.0.0
  2. Application uses the jws.createVerify() function for HMAC algorithms
  3. Application uses user-provided data from the JSON Web Signature Protected Header or Payload in the HMAC secret lookup routines

You are NOT affected by this vulnerability if you meet any of the following preconditions:

  1. Application uses the jws.verify() interface (note: auth0/node-jsonwebtoken users fall into this category and are therefore NOT affected by this vulnerability)
  2. Application uses only asymmetric algorithms (e.g. RS256)
  3. Application doesn’t use user-provided data from the JSON Web Signature Protected Header or Payload in the HMAC secret lookup routines

Fix

Upgrade auth0/node-jws version to version 3.2.3 or 4.0.1

Acknowledgement

Okta would like to thank Félix Charette for discovering this vulnerability.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmjwsall versions3.2.3
📦npmjws4.0.0&&< 4.0.14.0.1
Exploits & PoCs
1

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for jws. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update jws to 3.2.3 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Overview An improper signature verification vulnerability exists when using auth0/node-jws with the HS256 algorithm under specific conditions. ### Am I Affected? You are affected by this vulnerability if you meet all of the following preconditions: 1. Application uses the auth0/node-jws implementation of JSON Web Signatures, versions <=3.2.2 || 4.0.0 2. Application uses the jws.createVerify() function for HMAC algorithms 3. Application uses user-provided data from the JSON Web Signature Protected Header or Payload in the HMAC secret lookup routines You are NOT affected by this vulnerabi
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-869p-cjfg-cm3x across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.