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Not in CISA KEV
HIGH severity

GHSA-75px-5xx7-5xc7

HIGH

GHSA-75px-5xx7-5xc7 is a high-severity (CVSS 8.1) Code Injection vulnerability in protobufjs. O3 Security confirms whether GHSA-75px-5xx7-5xc7 is actually reachable in your code before you act, and blocks exploitation at runtime until you patch.

protobuf.js: Code generation gadget after prototype pollution

Also known asCVE-2026-44291
Published
May 12, 2026
Updated
May 14, 2026
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Aug 9, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

  • A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
  • CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-75px-5xx7-5xc7.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.5%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs40th percentile — riskier than 40% of all scored CVEsHighest risk
0.00%0.33%0.67%1.00%0.0%0.5%0.5%0.5%Jun 26Aug 26Aug 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-75px-5xx7-5xc7 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 356,665 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

6Kother npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream
protobufjsnpm
75.9Mdownloads / week

Description

Summary

protobufjs used plain objects with inherited prototypes for internal type lookup tables used by generated encode and decode functions. If Object.prototype had already been polluted, those lookup tables could resolve attacker-controlled inherited properties as valid protobuf type information.

This could cause attacker-controlled strings to be emitted into generated JavaScript code.

Impact

An attacker who can first trigger a prototype pollution vulnerability may be able to influence generated protobufjs encode or decode functions in a way that can lead to arbitrary JavaScript execution.

This issue requires a separate prototype pollution primitive before protobufjs is invoked.

Applications without a reachable prototype pollution primitive are not directly exploitable through this issue alone.

Preconditions

  • The application or one of its dependencies must allow an attacker to pollute Object.prototype.
  • The polluted property must affect protobufjs internal type lookup behavior.
  • The application must use protobufjs functionality that generates encode or decode code for affected types.
  • The generated code path must be reached after the prototype pollution has occurred.

Workarounds

Avoid running affected versions in applications where attacker-controlled input can pollute Object.prototype. If immediate upgrade is not possible, remove or mitigate reachable prototype pollution primitives and isolate schema/message processing from untrusted application state.

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmprotobufjsall versions7.5.6
📦npmprotobufjs8.0.0&&< 8.0.28.0.2

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for protobufjs. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update protobufjs to 7.5.6 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-75px-5xx7-5xc7 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-75px-5xx7-5xc7 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-75px-5xx7-5xc7. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Fixing This On Your OS

If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.

Red HatImportant

This Important flaw in protobufjs, a JavaScript library, potentially enables arbitrary code execution when a separate prototype pollution vulnerability is present in an application. Exploitation requires an attacker to first pollute `Object.prototype` and then trigger protobufjs functionality that generates encode or…

Frequently Asked Questions

## Summary protobufjs used plain objects with inherited prototypes for internal type lookup tables used by generated encode and decode functions. If `Object.prototype` had already been polluted, those lookup tables could resolve attacker-controlled inherited properties as valid protobuf type information. This could cause attacker-controlled strings to be emitted into generated JavaScript code. ## Impact An attacker who can first trigger a prototype pollution vulnerability may be able to influence generated protobufjs encode or decode functions in a way that can lead to arbitrary JavaScript
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-75px-5xx7-5xc7 in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-75px-5xx7-5xc7 across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.

GHSA-75px-5xx7-5xc7: protobufjs (High 8.1) | O3 Security