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MEDIUM severity

GHSA-6fc8-4gx4-v693

MEDIUMFix: websockets/ws@00c425e

GHSA-6fc8-4gx4-v693 is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.3) Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in ws. 1 public exploit reference exists, so weaponization risk is real. O3 Security confirms whether GHSA-6fc8-4gx4-v693 is actually reachable in your code before you act, and blocks exploitation at runtime until you patch.

ReDoS in Sec-Websocket-Protocol header

Also known asCVE-2021-32640
Published
May 28, 2021
Updated
Jul 8, 2026
Affected
3 pkgs
Patched
3 / 3
Exploits
1 known
Exploitation data as of Jul 8, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Real-World Exposure

3 pkgs affected
📦ws📦ws📦ws

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects npm packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

A specially crafted value of the Sec-Websocket-Protocol header can be used to significantly slow down a ws server.

Proof of concept

for (const length of [1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 16000, 32000]) {
  const value = 'b' + ' '.repeat(length) + 'x';
  const start = process.hrtime.bigint();

  value.trim().split(/ *, */);

  const end = process.hrtime.bigint();

  console.log('length = %d, time = %f ns', length, end - start);
}

Patches

The vulnerability was fixed in [email protected] (https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/00c425ec77993773d823f018f64a5c44e17023ff) and backported to [email protected] (https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/78c676d2a1acefbc05292e9f7ea0a9457704bf1b) and [email protected] (https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/76d47c1479002022a3e4357b3c9f0e23a68d4cd2).

Workarounds

In vulnerable versions of ws, the issue can be mitigated by reducing the maximum allowed length of the request headers using the --max-http-header-size=size and/or the maxHeaderSize options.

Credits

The vulnerability was responsibly disclosed along with a fix in private by Robert McLaughlin from University of California, Santa Barbara.

Affected Packages

3 total 3 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmws7.0.0&&< 7.4.67.4.6
📦npmws6.0.0&&< 6.2.26.2.2
📦npmws5.0.0&&< 5.2.35.2.3
Exploits & PoCs
1

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for ws. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update ws to 7.4.6 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-6fc8-4gx4-v693 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-6fc8-4gx4-v693 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-6fc8-4gx4-v693. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact A specially crafted value of the `Sec-Websocket-Protocol` header can be used to significantly slow down a ws server. ### Proof of concept ```js for (const length of [1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 16000, 32000]) { const value = 'b' + ' '.repeat(length) + 'x'; const start = process.hrtime.bigint(); value.trim().split(/ *, */); const end = process.hrtime.bigint(); console.log('length = %d, time = %f ns', length, end - start); } ``` ### Patches The vulnerability was fixed in [email protected] (https://github.com/websockets/ws/commit/00c425ec77993773d823f018f64a5c44e17023ff) and backp
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-6fc8-4gx4-v693 in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-6fc8-4gx4-v693 across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.

GHSA-6fc8-4gx4-v693: ReDoS in… | O3 Security