How severe is GHSA-653q-5476-x79g?

No CVSS score has been assigned to GHSA-653q-5476-x79g yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

Which packages are affected by GHSA-653q-5476-x79g?

GHSA-653q-5476-x79g affects the following packages: orval (npm). Ecosystems affected: npm.

How do I fix GHSA-653q-5476-x79g?

Update orval to 8.21.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-653q-5476-x79g is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect GHSA-653q-5476-x79g in my npm dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for orval, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate GHSA-653q-5476-x79g if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Is GHSA-653q-5476-x79g actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for GHSA-653q-5476-x79g yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for GHSA-653q-5476-x79g?

GHSA-653q-5476-x79g has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 0.7%, placing it in the 50th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is GHSA-653q-5476-x79g?

GHSA-653q-5476-x79g is classified as Code Injection (CWE-94), CWE-95 (CWE-95), CWE-116 (CWE-116). These weakness types describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure.

When was GHSA-653q-5476-x79g published, and has it been updated?

GHSA-653q-5476-x79g was published on September 3, 2026 and was last updated on September 18, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

📦 npm

Not in CISA KEV

GHSA-653q-5476-x79g — orval

Fix: orval-labs/orval#3692

GHSA-653q-5476-x79g is a Code Injection vulnerability in orval. A fix is available for orval — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Orval: Import-time RCE via query parameter name -> computed-property-key injection in the zod cli

Also known asCVE-2026-71865

Published

Sep 3, 2026

Updated

Sep 18, 2026

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Oct 3, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-653q-5476-x79g.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

0.7%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs50th percentile — riskier than 50% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

29other npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream

orvalnpm

2.9Mdownloads / week

Description

Summary

orval's zod client emits each query parameter name as a double-quoted key in the generated zod.object({...}) request-validation schema WITHOUT escaping the double quote. A " in the query parameter name closes the key and lands in object-literal context, where an injected computed property key [expr] is evaluated when zod.object({...}) runs -- at MODULE IMPORT (export const OpQueryParams = zod.object({...}) executes on load) -> import-time RCE. The query parameter name is a pure data field. Verified on orval 8.19.0 / Node.

Details

export const OpQueryParams = zod.object({ "a":zod.string(),[require("fs").writeFileSync("PWNED","")]:zod.string(),"b": ... })

Also affects the hono client (reuses zod generation). orval escapes values in zod arrays but not keys in zod.object. Sibling fields: schema property name, header parameter name (CVE-97) (separate reports). Distinct from orval's $ref / route-path / server-url / zod-default findings.

PoC

reproduce.sh (+ make_spec.py) attached: a query parameter name that breaks the zod.object key and injects a computed key; evaluating it (= importing the module) writes the marker. Verified on 8.19.0.

Impact

JavaScript / OS command execution at import time for anyone who generates an orval zod client from an attacker-controlled spec and imports it.

Suggested fix

Escape the query parameter name for the JS string key (JSON.stringify) in the zod.object key generation; never interpolate a raw name adjacent to [ ] in object-literal position. maintainer-report.txt make_spec.py reproduce.sh

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
📦npm	`orval`	all versions	8.21.0`npm install orval@8.21.0`

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for orval, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update orval to 8.21.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-653q-5476-x79g is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Summary orval's zod client emits each query parameter name as a double-quoted key in the generated zod.object({...}) request-validation schema WITHOUT escaping the double quote. A " in the query parameter name closes the key and lands in object-literal context, where an injected computed property key [expr] is evaluated when zod.object({...}) runs -- at MODULE IMPORT (export const OpQueryParams = zod.object({...}) executes on load) -> import-time RCE. The query parameter name is a pure data field. Verified on orval 8.19.0 / Node. ### Details export const OpQueryParams = zod.object({ "a"

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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