GHSA-5xmw-vc9v-4wf2 — pillow
MEDIUMGHSA-5xmw-vc9v-4wf2 is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.5) CWE-122 vulnerability in pillow. A fix is available for pillow — see the affected versions and patch details below.
Pillow has a heap buffer overflow with nested list coordinates
Exploitation Status
No confirmed exploitation observed yet
- CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-5xmw-vc9v-4wf2.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
How urgent is this, really
GHSA-5xmw-vc9v-4wf2 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.
Where this sits among everything scored
Of 379,145 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.
Real-World Exposure
pillowReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From version 11.2.1 to before version 12.2.0, passing nested lists as coordinates to APIs that accept coordinates such as ImagePath.Path, ImageDraw.ImageDraw.polygon and ImageDraw.ImageDraw.line could cause a heap buffer overflow, as nested lists were recursively unpacked beyond the allocated buffer. Coordinate lists are now validated to contain exactly two numeric coordinates. This issue has been patched in version 12.2.0.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🐍PyPI | pillow | ≥ 11.2.1&&< 12.2.0 | 12.2.0pip install --upgrade 'pillow==12.2.0' |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for pillow, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update pillow to 12.2.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-5xmw-vc9v-4wf2 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-5xmw-vc9v-4wf2 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to GHSA-5xmw-vc9v-4wf2. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Fixing This On Your OS
If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.
This Moderate impact vulnerability in the Pillow Python imaging library could lead to a denial of service. Applications processing untrusted image data that utilize specific Pillow APIs, such as `ImagePath.Path`, `ImageDraw.ImageDraw.polygon`, or `ImageDraw.ImageDraw.line`, with specially crafted nested list…
| Product | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|
| Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 | rhaiis/model-opt-cuda-rhel9:1778244559 | RHSA-2026:16008 |
| Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 | rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9:1778244531 | RHSA-2026:16009 |
| Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 | rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9:1778274666 | RHSA-2026:16030 |
| Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.4 | rhaii/vllm-spyre-rhel9:1787151840 | RHSA-2026:57387 |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is GHSA-5xmw-vc9v-4wf2 in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds GHSA-5xmw-vc9v-4wf2 across PyPI dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.