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Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in @asyncapi/modelinaGHSA-4jg2-84c2-pj95

CRITICAL

GHSA-4jg2-84c2-pj95 is a critical-severity (CVSS 9.9) Code Injection vulnerability in @asyncapi/modelina. 1 public exploit reference exists, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for @asyncapi/modelina — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Also known asCVE-2023-23619
Published
Updated
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
1 known
Exploitation data as of Oct 10, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
  • A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-4jg2-84c2-pj95.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.1%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs64th percentile — riskier than 64% of all scored CVEsHighest risk
0.00%0.52%1.04%1.56%0.5%1.1%Apr 26Aug 26Oct 26

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-4jg2-84c2-pj95 by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). Outside the shaded patch-first corner.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 385,738 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Counts from FIRST.org, log-scaled.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

35other npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream
@asyncapi/modelinanpm
127Kdownloads / week

Description

Impact

Anyone who is using the default presets and/or does not handle the functionality themself.

Patches

It is impossible to fully guard against this, because users have access to the original raw information. However, as of version 1, if you only access the constrained models, you will not encounter this issue.

Further similar situations are NOT seen as a security issue, but intended behavior.

Workarounds

Fully custom presets that change the entire rendering process which can then escape the user input.

For more information

Even though that I changed all the presets here, the vulnerability is still present throughout. I am using a JSON Schema here for simplicity.

const jsonSchemaDoc = {
  $id: 'CustomClass',
  type: 'object',
  properties: {
      'property: any; \n constructor(){console.log("injected")} \n private _temp': { type: 'string' },
  }
};
generator = new TypeScriptGenerator(
  { 
    presets: [
      {
        class: {
            property({ propertyName, content }) {
              return `private ${propertyName}: any;`;
            },
            ctor() {
              return '';
            },
            getter() {
              return '';
            },
            setter() {
              return '';
            }
        }
      }
    ]
  }
);
const inputModel = await generator.process(jsonSchemaDoc);

This would render

export class CustomClass {
  private property: any; 
   constructor(){console.log("injected")} 
   private _temp: any;
  private additionalProperties: any;
}

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npm@asyncapi/modelinaall versions1.0.0npm install @asyncapi/modelina@1.0.0

Affected Products

1 product · 1 configurations
Application
modelinalfprojects
< 1.0.0
range
Exploits & PoCs
1

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for @asyncapi/modelina, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update @asyncapi/modelina to 1.0.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-4jg2-84c2-pj95 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact Anyone who is using the default presets and/or does not handle the functionality themself. ### Patches It is impossible to fully guard against this, because users have access to the original raw information. However, as of version 1, if you only access the constrained models, you will not encounter this issue. Further similar situations are NOT seen as a security issue, but intended behavior. ### Workarounds Fully custom presets that change the entire rendering process which can then escape the user input. ### For more information Even though that I changed all the presets here,
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')…