Your RSA-2048 keys break in 2030. Find every one of them before attackers do.
📦 npm
Not in CISA KEV

GHSA-4hf6-3x24-c9m8 parse-server

GHSA-4hf6-3x24-c9m8 is a CWE-672 vulnerability in parse-server. A fix is available for parse-server — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Parse Server's MFA recovery codes not consumed after use

Also known asBIT-parse-2026-31875CVE-2026-31875
Published
Mar 11, 2026
Updated
Mar 13, 2026
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
2 / 2
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 21, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

  • CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-4hf6-3x24-c9m8.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs38th percentile — riskier than 38% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

62other npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream
parse-servernpm
29Kdownloads / week

Description

Impact

When multi-factor authentication (MFA) via TOTP is enabled for a user account, Parse Server generates two single-use recovery codes. These codes are intended as a fallback when the user cannot provide a TOTP token. However, recovery codes are not consumed after use, allowing the same recovery code to be used an unlimited number of times. This defeats the single-use design of recovery codes and weakens the security of MFA-protected accounts.

An attacker who obtains a single recovery code can repeatedly authenticate as the affected user without the code ever being invalidated.

Patches

The fix ensures that each recovery code is removed from the stored recovery code list after a successful login.

Workarounds

There is no known workaround.

References

Affected Packages

2 total 2 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmparse-server9.0.0-alpha.1&&< 9.6.0-alpha.79.6.0-alpha.7npm install parse-server@9.6.0-alpha.7
📦npmparse-serverall versions8.6.33npm install parse-server@8.6.33

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for parse-server, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update parse-server to 9.6.0-alpha.7 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-4hf6-3x24-c9m8 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-4hf6-3x24-c9m8 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-4hf6-3x24-c9m8. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact When multi-factor authentication (MFA) via TOTP is enabled for a user account, Parse Server generates two single-use recovery codes. These codes are intended as a fallback when the user cannot provide a TOTP token. However, recovery codes are not consumed after use, allowing the same recovery code to be used an unlimited number of times. This defeats the single-use design of recovery codes and weakens the security of MFA-protected accounts. An attacker who obtains a single recovery code can repeatedly authenticate as the affected user without the code ever being invalidated. ###
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-4hf6-3x24-c9m8 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-4hf6-3x24-c9m8 across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

GHSA-4hf6-3x24-c9m8: parse-server | O3 Security