Your RSA-2048 keys break in 2030. Find every one of them before attackers do.
☕
☕ Maven
Not in CISA KEV
HIGH severity

GHSA-3r28-rgp9-qgv4 — pf4j

HIGH

GHSA-3r28-rgp9-qgv4 is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) Path Traversal vulnerability in org.pf4j:pf4j. 1 public exploit reference exists, so weaponization risk is real. No vendor fix is recorded yet; mitigation options are listed below.

pf4j vulnerable to remote code execution via the zippluginPath parameter

Also known asCVE-2023-40826
Published
Aug 29, 2023
Updated
Feb 16, 2024
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
None yet
Exploits
1 known
Exploitation data as of Sep 25, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for GHSA-3r28-rgp9-qgv4.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs71th percentile — riskier than 71% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

GHSA-3r28-rgp9-qgv4 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 379,145 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected
☕org.pf4j:pf4j

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

An issue in pf4j pf4j v.3.9.0 and before allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information and execute arbitrary code via the zippluginPath parameter.

Affected Packages

1 total
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
☕Mavenorg.pf4j:pf4jall versionsNo fix
Exploits & PoCs
1

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.pf4j:pf4j, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Remediation status

    No patched version of org.pf4j:pf4j has shipped for GHSA-3r28-rgp9-qgv4 yet. Where your build allows, override or pin the dependency away from the vulnerable range, and apply any maintainer-recommended mitigation.

  3. Mitigate without a patch

    Resolve every user-supplied path to its canonical form and reject anything that escapes the intended directory, and run the component under an account that has no read or write access outside the directory it legitimately serves.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like GHSA-3r28-rgp9-qgv4 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to GHSA-3r28-rgp9-qgv4. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

An issue in pf4j pf4j v.3.9.0 and before allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information and execute arbitrary code via the zippluginPath parameter.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-3r28-rgp9-qgv4 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds GHSA-3r28-rgp9-qgv4 across Maven dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

GHSA-3r28-rgp9-qgv4: pf4j RCE (High 7.5) | O3 Security