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🐍 PyPI

GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c

HIGH

Keras is vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Also known asCVE-2025-9906PYSEC-2025-76
Published
Sep 19, 2025
Updated
May 29, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.2%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk8th percentile+0.13%
0.00%0.23%0.46%0.69%0.0%0.2%Dec 25Apr 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

1 pkg affected
🐍keras

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Arbitrary Code Execution in Keras

Keras versions prior to 3.11.0 allow for arbitrary code execution when loading a crafted .keras model archive, even when safe_mode=True.

The issue arises because the archive’s config.json is parsed before layer deserialization. This can invoke keras.config.enable_unsafe_deserialization(), effectively disabling safe mode from within the loading process itself. An attacker can place this call first in the archive and then include a Lambda layer whose function is deserialized from a pickle, leading to the execution of attacker-controlled Python code as soon as a victim loads the model file.

Exploitation requires a user to open an untrusted model; no additional privileges are needed. The fix in version 3.11.0 enforces safe-mode semantics before reading any user-controlled configuration and prevents the toggling of unsafe deserialization via the config file.

Affected versions: < 3.11.0 Patched version: 3.11.0

It is recommended to upgrade to version 3.11.0 or later and to avoid opening untrusted model files.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
🐍PyPIkerasall versions3.11.0

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for keras. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update keras to 3.11.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Arbitrary Code Execution in Keras Keras versions prior to 3.11.0 allow for arbitrary code execution when loading a crafted `.keras` model archive, even when `safe_mode=True`. The issue arises because the archive’s `config.json` is parsed before layer deserialization. This can invoke `keras.config.enable_unsafe_deserialization()`, effectively disabling safe mode from within the loading process itself. An attacker can place this call first in the archive and then include a `Lambda` layer whose function is deserialized from a pickle, leading to the execution of attacker-controlled Python co
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c in your dependencies?

O3 detects GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c across PyPI dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.