How severe is CVE-2026-28395?

No CVSS score has been assigned to CVE-2026-28395 yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2026-28395?

CVE-2026-28395 affects the following packages: openclaw (npm). Ecosystems affected: npm.

How do I fix CVE-2026-28395?

Update openclaw to 2026.2.12 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2026-28395 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2026-28395 in my npm dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for openclaw, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2026-28395 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

How does O3 Security protect against CVE-2026-28395?

O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2026-28395 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Is CVE-2026-28395 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2026-28395 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2026-28395?

CVE-2026-28395 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 0.7%, placing it in the 52th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2026-28395?

CVE-2026-28395 is classified as CWE-1327 (CWE-1327). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

When was CVE-2026-28395 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2026-28395 was published on March 5, 2026 and was last updated on August 17, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

📦 npm

Not in CISA KEV

CVE-2026-28395 — openclaw

Fix: openclaw/openclaw@8d75a49

CVE-2026-28395 is a CWE-1327 vulnerability in openclaw. A fix is available for openclaw — see the affected versions and patch details below.

OpenClaw 2026.1.14-1 < 2026.2.12 - Unintended Public Binding of Chrome Extension Relay via Wildcard cdpUrl

Also known asGHSA-qw99-grcx-4pvm

Published

Mar 5, 2026

Updated

Aug 17, 2026

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Sep 24, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2026-28395.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

0.7%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs52th percentile — riskier than 52% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.

133other npm packages depend on this — each one inherits the vulnerability until it's patched upstream

openclawnpm

2.5Mdownloads / week

Description

Summary

The Chrome extension relay (ensureChromeExtensionRelayServer) previously treated wildcard hosts (0.0.0.0 / ::) as loopback, which could make it bind the relay HTTP/WS server to all interfaces when a wildcard cdpUrl was passed.

Impact

If configured with a wildcard cdpUrl, relay HTTP endpoints could become reachable off-host, leaking service presence/port and enabling DoS/brute-force traffic against the relay token header.

Affected Packages / Versions

Package: openclaw (npm)
Affected: >= 2026.1.14-1 < 2026.2.12

Fixed Versions

Patched: >= 2026.2.12 (released 2026-02-13)

Fix Commit(s)

8d75a496bf5aaab1755c56cf48502d967c75a1d0

Notes

Earlier hardening for /json* auth and /cdp token checks landed in:
- a1e89afcc19efd641c02b24d66d689f181ae2b5c

Thanks @qi-scape for reporting.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
📦npm	`openclaw`	≥ 2026.1.14-1&&< 2026.2.12	2026.2.12`npm install openclaw@2026.2.12`

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for openclaw, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update openclaw to 2026.2.12 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2026-28395 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2026-28395 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to CVE-2026-28395. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

## Summary The Chrome extension relay (`ensureChromeExtensionRelayServer`) previously treated wildcard hosts (`0.0.0.0` / `::`) as loopback, which could make it bind the relay HTTP/WS server to all interfaces when a wildcard `cdpUrl` was passed. ## Impact If configured with a wildcard `cdpUrl`, relay HTTP endpoints could become reachable off-host, leaking service presence/port and enabling DoS/brute-force traffic against the relay token header. ## Affected Packages / Versions - Package: `openclaw` (npm) - Affected: `>= 2026.1.14-1 < 2026.2.12` ## Fixed Versions - Patched: `>= 2026.2.12` (re

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2026-28395 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds CVE-2026-28395 across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works