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MEDIUM severity

CVE-2026-111225 — Abraxas

MEDIUM

CVE-2026-111225 is a medium-severity (CVSS 5) OS Command Injection vulnerability. No vendor fix is recorded yet; mitigation options are listed below.

Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound…

Published
Updated
Affected
1 product
Patched
See advisory
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Oct 19, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2026-111225.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
2.7%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs86th percentile — riskier than 86% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

CVE-2026-111225 by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). Outside the shaded patch-first corner.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 391,411 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Counts from FIRST.org, log-scaled.

Description

Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.

Affected Products

1 product · 1 configurations
Application
pfsensepfsense
≥ 2.5.0 && ≤ 2.9.0
range

Detection & mitigation playbook

Vulnerability

  1. Detect

    Identify every host running the affected component and compare the installed build against the fixed version below — for source-built or distro-packaged software the version string, not a lockfile, is the source of truth (`dpkg -l`, `rpm -q`, or the binary's own `--version`).

  2. Remediation status

    No fixed release is recorded for CVE-2026-111225 yet. Track the upstream advisory, and apply the exposure-reduction steps below in the meantime.

  3. Mitigate without a patch

    Stop passing untrusted input into the interpreter or shell: call the affected binary with an argument array rather than a composed command string, reject anything outside a strict allowlist of expected values, and run the component under an account that cannot reach beyond the work it legitimately does.

Frequently Asked Questions

Netgate pfSense CE 2.5.0 through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in openvpn.learn-address.sh that allows authenticated VPN clients to execute commands as the unbound user. Attackers can embed shell metacharacters in the certificate common name or username, which is interpolated unquoted into su -c strings, when DNS Resolver client registration is enabled.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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