How severe is CVE-2025-9162?

CVE-2025-9162 has a CVSS score of 4.9/10, rated MEDIUM. Review your exposure and patch according to your risk tolerance.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2025-9162?

CVE-2025-9162 affects the following packages: org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services (Maven), org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services (Maven). Ecosystems affected: Maven.

How do I fix CVE-2025-9162?

A fix is available for CVE-2025-9162; check the affected-versions list above or the advisory for the patched release of org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services, then make sure no transitive dependency still pins the vulnerable range.

How do I detect CVE-2025-9162 in my Maven dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2025-9162 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

Is CVE-2025-9162 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2025-9162 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2025-9162?

CVE-2025-9162 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 0.5%, placing it in the 45th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-9162?

CVE-2025-9162 is classified as CWE-526 (CWE-526). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

When was CVE-2025-9162 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2025-9162 was published on August 21, 2025 and was last updated on October 28, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

☕

☕ Maven

Not in CISA KEV

MEDIUM severity

CVE-2025-9162 — keycloak-model-storage-se…

MEDIUM

CVE-2025-9162 is a medium-severity (CVSS 4.9) CWE-526 vulnerability in org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services. A fix is available for org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Org.keycloak/keycloak-model-storage-service: variable injection into environment variables

Also known asGHSA-8hxp-qmph-w5gq

Published

Aug 21, 2025

Updated

Oct 28, 2026

Affected

2 pkgs

Patched

1 / 2

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Nov 6, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-9162.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

0.5%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs45th percentile — riskier than 45% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected

☕org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services☕org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

A flaw was found in org.keycloak/keycloak-model-storage-service. The KeycloakRealmImport custom resource substitutes placeholders within imported realm documents, potentially referencing environment variables. This substitution process allows for injection attacks when crafted realm documents are processed. An attacker can leverage this to inject malicious content during the realm import procedure. This can lead to unintended consequences within the Keycloak environment.

Affected Packages

2 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
☕Maven	`org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services`	all versions	No fix
☕Maven	`org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services`	≥ 26.3.0&&< 26.3.4	26.3.4`org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services:26.3.4`

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
A fix is available for CVE-2025-9162; check the affected-versions list above or the advisory for the patched release of org.keycloak:keycloak-model-storage-services, then make sure no transitive dependency still pins the vulnerable range.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

Fixing This On Your OS

If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.

Red HatModerate

Workaround published by Red Hat

Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base or stability.

Source: Red Hat security advisory for CVE-2025-9162 (CC BY 4.0)

Product	Fixed in	Advisory
Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0	`org.keycloak/keycloak-model-storage-service`	RHSA-2025:15336
Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.0	`rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle:26.0.15-1`	RHSA-2025:15337
Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2	`org.keycloak/keycloak-model-storage-service`	RHSA-2025:15339
Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2	`rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle:26.2.8-1`	RHSA-2025:15338
Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2	`rhbk/keycloak-operator-bundle:26.2.9-1`	RHSA-2025:16400
Red Hat build of Keycloak 26.2.9	`org.keycloak/keycloak-model-storage-service`	RHSA-2025:16399

Frequently Asked Questions

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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