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Maven🐍 PyPI
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CRITICAL severity

CVE-2025-6544 h2o-core

CRITICALFix: h2oai/h2o-3@0298ee3

CVE-2025-6544 is a critical-severity (CVSS 9.8) Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in ai.h2o:h2o-core. No vendor fix is recorded yet; mitigation options are listed below.

Deserialization Vulnerability in h2oai/h2o-3

Also known asGHSA-5w3j-gwgh-4rfvPYSEC-2026-349
Published
Sep 21, 2025
Updated
Aug 12, 2026
Affected
2 pkgs
Patched
See advisory
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 18, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

  • CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
  • A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-6544.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
0.9%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs59th percentile — riskier than 59% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

CVE-2025-6544 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 376,715 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

2 pkgs affected
ai.h2o:h2o-core🐍h2o

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Maven, PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

A deserialization vulnerability exists in h2oai/h2o-3 versions <= 3.46.0.8, allowing attackers to read arbitrary system files and execute arbitrary code. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of JDBC connection parameters, which can be exploited by bypassing regular expression checks and using double URL encoding. This issue impacts all users of the affected versions.

Affected Packages

2 total
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
Mavenai.h2o:h2o-coreall versionsNo fix
🐍PyPIh2oall versionsNo fix

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for ai.h2o:h2o-core, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Remediation status

    No patched version of ai.h2o:h2o-core has shipped for CVE-2025-6544 yet. Where your build allows, override or pin the dependency away from the vulnerable range, and apply any maintainer-recommended mitigation.

  3. Mitigate without a patch

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2025-6544 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to CVE-2025-6544. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

A deserialization vulnerability exists in h2oai/h2o-3 versions <= 3.46.0.8, allowing attackers to read arbitrary system files and execute arbitrary code. The vulnerability arises from improper handling of JDBC connection parameters, which can be exploited by bypassing regular expression checks and using double URL encoding. This issue impacts all users of the affected versions.
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2025-6544 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds CVE-2025-6544 across Maven, PyPI dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

CVE-2025-6544: h2o-core RCE (Critical 9.8) | O3 Security