CVE-2025-58179 is a high-severity (CVSS 7.2) Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability in @astrojs/cloudflare. A fix is available for @astrojs/cloudflare — see the affected versions and patch details below.
Astro Cloudflare adapter is vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery via /_image endpoint
Exploitation Status
Proof-of-concept exploit code exists
- CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
- CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-58179.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
How urgent is this, really
CVE-2025-58179 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.
Where this sits among everything scored
Of 378,156 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.
Real-World Exposure
How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.
@astrojs/cloudflarenpmDescription
Summary
When using Astro's Cloudflare adapter (@astrojs/cloudflare) configured with output: 'server' while using the default imageService: 'compile', the generated image optimization endpoint doesn't check the URLs it receives, allowing content from unauthorized third-party domains to be served.
Details
On-demand rendered sites built with Astro include an /_image endpoint, which returns optimized versions of images.
The /_image endpoint is restricted to processing local images bundled with the site and also supports remote images from domains the site developer has manually authorized (using the image.domains or image.remotePatterns options).
However, a bug in impacted versions of the @astrojs/cloudflare adapter for deployment on Cloudflare’s infrastructure, allows an attacker to bypass the third-party domain restrictions and serve any content from the vulnerable origin.
PoC
-
Create a new minimal Astro project (
[email protected]) -
Configure it to use the Cloudflare adapter (
@astrojs/[email protected]) and server output:// astro.config.mjs import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config'; import cloudflare from '@astrojs/cloudflare'; export default defineConfig({ output: 'server', adapter: cloudflare(), }); -
Deploy to Cloudflare Pages or Workers
-
Append
/_image?href=https://placehold.co/600x400to the deployment URL. -
This will serve the placeholder image from the unauthorised
placehold.codomain.
Impact
Allows a non-authorized third-party to create URLs on an impacted site’s origin that serve unauthorized content. This includes the risk of server-side request forgery (SSRF) and by extension cross-site scripting (XSS) if a user follows a link to a maliciously crafted URL.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 📦npm | @astrojs/cloudflare | ≥ 11.0.3&&< 12.6.6 | 12.6.6npm install @astrojs/cloudflare@12.6.6 |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for @astrojs/cloudflare, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update @astrojs/cloudflare to 12.6.6 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-58179 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2025-58179 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to CVE-2025-58179. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
How to detect CVE-2025-58179
A community-maintained Nuclei template exists for this CVE. You can scan for it directly:
nuclei -id cve-2025-58179 -u https://target- Template
- Astro Cloudflare Adapter - Server Side Request Forgery
- Severity
- high
- Impact
- Unauthenticated attackers can bypass third-party domain restrictions to serve arbitrary content from unauthorized domains through the image optimization endpoint, potentially enabling XSS attacks.
- Remediation
- Upgrade Astro's @astrojs/cloudflare adapter to version 12.6.6 or later that properly validates image URLs.
Template by ProjectDiscovery nuclei-templates (HoangAnhThai), MIT licensed. View the full template. Scan only systems you are authorised to test.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is CVE-2025-58179 in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds CVE-2025-58179 across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.