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CRITICAL severity

CVE-2025-54539 — Apache.NMS.AMQP

CRITICAL

CVE-2025-54539 is a critical-severity (CVSS 9.8) Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Apache.NMS.AMQP. A fix is available for Apache.NMS.AMQP — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Apache ActiveMQ NMS AMQP Client: Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Also known asGHSA-4mjw-xr5x-prpc
Published
Updated
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Nov 9, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

  • CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
  • A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
  • CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-54539.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
2.1%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk-0.02%
Lower risk than most CVEs82th percentile — riskier than 82% of all scored CVEsHighest risk
0.53%1.22%1.90%2.59%1.0%2.1%May 26Sep 26Nov 26

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected
.NETApache.NMS.AMQP

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects NuGet packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

A Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability exists in the Apache ActiveMQ NMS AMQP Client.

This issue affects all versions of Apache ActiveMQ NMS AMQP up to and including 2.3.0, when establishing connections to untrusted AMQP servers. Malicious servers could exploit unbounded deserialization logic present in the client to craft responses that may lead to arbitrary code execution on the client side.

Although version 2.1.0 introduced a mechanism to restrict deserialization via allow/deny lists, the protection was found to be bypassable under certain conditions.

In line with Microsoft’s deprecation of binary serialization in .NET 9, the project is evaluating the removal of .NET binary serialization support from the NMS API entirely in future releases.

Mitigation and Recommendations: Users are strongly encouraged to upgrade to version 2.4.0 or later, which resolves the issue. Additionally, projects depending on NMS-AMQP should migrate away from .NET binary serialization as part of a long-term hardening strategy.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
.NETNuGetApache.NMS.AMQPall versions2.4.0dotnet add package Apache.NMS.AMQP --version 2.4.0

Affected Products

1 product · 1 configurations
Application
activemq nms amqpapache
< 2.4.0
range

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for Apache.NMS.AMQP, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update Apache.NMS.AMQP to 2.4.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-54539 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    Do not deserialise data from untrusted sources: where the format allows it, restrict deserialisation to an explicit allowlist of expected types, and prefer a data-only format (JSON, Protobuf) over one that can reconstruct arbitrary objects until you can upgrade.

Frequently Asked Questions

A Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability exists in the Apache ActiveMQ NMS AMQP Client. This issue affects all versions of Apache ActiveMQ NMS AMQP up to and including 2.3.0, when establishing connections to untrusted AMQP servers. Malicious servers could exploit unbounded deserialization logic present in the client to craft responses that may lead to arbitrary code execution on the client side. Although version 2.1.0 introduced a mechanism to restrict deserialization via allow/deny lists, the protection was found to be bypassable under certain conditions. In line with Microsoft’s
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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CVE-2025-54539: Apache.NMS.AMQP RCE — Fixed in 2.4.0