How severe is CVE-2025-48938?

No CVSS score has been assigned to CVE-2025-48938 yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2025-48938?

CVE-2025-48938 affects the following packages: github.com/cli/go-gh/v2 (Go). Ecosystems affected: Go.

How do I fix CVE-2025-48938?

Update github.com/cli/go-gh/v2 to 2.12.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-48938 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2025-48938 in my Go dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for github.com/cli/go-gh/v2, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2025-48938 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

How does O3 Security protect against CVE-2025-48938?

O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2025-48938 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Is CVE-2025-48938 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2025-48938 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2025-48938?

CVE-2025-48938 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 0.5%, placing it in the 44th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-48938?

CVE-2025-48938 is classified as CWE-501 (CWE-501). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

When was CVE-2025-48938 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2025-48938 was published on May 30, 2025 and was last updated on August 19, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

🐹 Go

Not in CISA KEV

CVE-2025-48938 — v2

Fix: cli/go-gh@a08820a

CVE-2025-48938 is a CWE-501 vulnerability in github.com/cli/go-gh/v2. A fix is available for github.com/cli/go-gh/v2 — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Prevent GitHub CLI and extensions from executing arbitrary commands from compromised GitHub Enterprise Server

Also known asGHSA-g9f5-x53j-h563GO-2025-3732

Published

May 30, 2025

Updated

Aug 19, 2026

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Sep 22, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-48938.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

0.5%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs44th percentile — riskier than 44% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

🐹github.com/cli/go-gh/v2

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Go packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Summary

A security vulnerability has been identified in go-gh where an attacker-controlled GitHub Enterprise Server could result in executing arbitrary commands on a user's machine by replacing HTTP URLs provided by GitHub with local file paths for browsing.

Details

The GitHub CLI and CLI extensions allow users to transition from their terminal for a variety of use cases through the Browser capability in github.com/cli/go-gh/v2/pkg/browser:

Using the -w, --web flag, GitHub CLI users can view GitHub repositories, issues, pull requests, and more using their web browser
Using the gh codespace command set, GitHub CLI users can transition to Visual Studio Code to work with GitHub Codespaces

This is done by using URLs provided through API responses from authenticated GitHub hosts when users execute gh commands.

Prior to 2.12.1, Browser.Browse() would attempt to open the provided URL using a variety of OS-specific approaches regardless of the scheme. An attacker-controlled GitHub Enterprise Server could modify API responses to use a specially tailored local executable path instead of HTTP URLs to resources. This could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary executables on the user's machine.

In 2.12.1, Browser.Browse() has been enhanced to allow and disallow a variety of scenarios to avoid opening or executing files on the filesystem without unduly impacting HTTP URLs:

URLs with http://, https://, vscode://, vscode-insiders:// protocols are supported
URLs with file:// protocol are unsupported
URLs matching files or directories on the filesystem are unsupported
URLs matching executables in the user's path are unsupported

URLs without protocols will be browsable if none of these other conditions apply.

As we have more information about use cases, maintainers can expand these capabilities for an improved user experience that allows configuring allowed URL schemes and/or prompt the user for an unexpected user case and confirming whether to continue.

Impact

Successful exploitation could cause users of the attacker-controlled GitHub Enterprise Server to execute arbitrary commands.

Remediation and Mitigation

Upgrade go-gh to 2.12.1

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
🐹Go	`github.com/cli/go-gh/v2`	all versions	2.12.1`go get github.com/cli/go-gh/v2@v2.12.1`

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for github.com/cli/go-gh/v2, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update github.com/cli/go-gh/v2 to 2.12.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-48938 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2025-48938 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to CVE-2025-48938. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Summary A security vulnerability has been identified in `go-gh` where an attacker-controlled GitHub Enterprise Server could result in executing arbitrary commands on a user's machine by replacing HTTP URLs provided by GitHub with local file paths for browsing. ### Details The GitHub CLI and CLI extensions allow users to transition from their terminal for a variety of use cases through the [`Browser` capability in `github.com/cli/go-gh/v2/pkg/browser`](https://github.com/cli/go-gh/blob/61bf393cf4aeea6d00a6251390f5f67f5b67e727/pkg/browser/browser.go): - Using the `-w, --web` flag, GitHu

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2025-48938 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds CVE-2025-48938 across Go dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works