CVE-2025-31486 is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.3) Information Exposure vulnerability in vite. 1 public exploit reference exists, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for vite — see the affected versions and patch details below.
Vite allows server.fs.deny to be bypassed with .svg or relative paths
Exploitation Status
Proof-of-concept exploit code exists
- CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-31486.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
How urgent is this, really
CVE-2025-31486 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.
Where this sits among everything scored
Of 377,636 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the 10–50% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.
Real-World Exposure
How broadly this vulnerability is actually deployed: weekly install volume shows current usage, and reverse-dependency count shows how many other packages break if it stays unpatched.
vitenpmDescription
Summary
The contents of arbitrary files can be returned to the browser.
Impact
Only apps explicitly exposing the Vite dev server to the network (using --host or server.host config option) are affected.
Details
.svg
Requests ending with .svg are loaded at this line.
https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/037f801075ec35bb6e52145d659f71a23813c48f/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/asset.ts#L285-L290
By adding ?.svg with ?.wasm?init or with sec-fetch-dest: script header, the restriction was able to bypass.
This bypass is only possible if the file is smaller than build.assetsInlineLimit (default: 4kB) and when using Vite 6.0+.
relative paths
The check was applied before the id normalization. This allowed requests to bypass with relative paths (e.g. ../../).
PoC
npm create vite@latest
cd vite-project/
npm install
npm run dev
send request to read etc/passwd
curl 'http://127.0.0.1:5173/etc/passwd?.svg?.wasm?init'
curl 'http://127.0.0.1:5173/@fs/x/x/x/vite-project/?/../../../../../etc/passwd?import&?raw'
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 📦npm | vite | ≥ 6.2.0&&< 6.2.5 | 6.2.5npm install vite@6.2.5 |
| 📦npm | vite | ≥ 6.1.0&&< 6.1.4 | 6.1.4npm install vite@6.1.4 |
| 📦npm | vite | ≥ 6.0.0&&< 6.0.14 | 6.0.14npm install vite@6.0.14 |
| 📦npm | vite | ≥ 5.0.0&&< 5.4.17 | 5.4.17npm install vite@5.4.17 |
| 📦npm | vite | all versions | 4.5.12npm install vite@4.5.12 |
Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for vite, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update vite to 6.2.5 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-31486 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2025-31486 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to CVE-2025-31486. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
How to detect CVE-2025-31486
A community-maintained Nuclei template exists for this CVE. You can scan for it directly:
nuclei -id cve-2025-31486 -u https://target- Template
- Vite server.fs.deny Bypass - Local File Inclusion
- Severity
- medium
- Impact
- Attackers can bypass server.fs.deny restrictions to read arbitrary files smaller than 4kB when the Vite dev server is exposed to the network, potentially exposing sensitive configuration data.
- Remediation
- Update Vite to version 4.5.12, 5.4.17, 6.0.14, 6.1.4, 6.2.5 or later.
Template by ProjectDiscovery nuclei-templates (wn147), MIT licensed. View the full template. Scan only systems you are authorised to test.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is CVE-2025-31486 in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds CVE-2025-31486 across npm dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.