How severe is CVE-2025-1025?

No CVSS score has been assigned to CVE-2025-1025 yet. Review the advisory details and affected package list to assess your exposure.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2025-1025?

CVE-2025-1025 affects the following packages: cockpit-hq/cockpit (Packagist). Ecosystems affected: Packagist.

How do I fix CVE-2025-1025?

Update cockpit-hq/cockpit to 2.4.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-1025 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2025-1025 in my Packagist dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for cockpit-hq/cockpit, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2025-1025 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Treat uploaded files as untrusted until proven otherwise: validate the actual content type rather than the supplied extension, store uploads outside the web root on a volume mounted without execute permission, and rename them to server-generated identifiers so an attacker cannot choose the path a request will later resolve.

Is CVE-2025-1025 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2025-1025 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2025-1025?

CVE-2025-1025 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 18.9%, placing it in the 97th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score warrants monitoring and prompt remediation.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2025-1025?

CVE-2025-1025 is classified as Unrestricted File Upload (CWE-434). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

Is there exploit tooling available for CVE-2025-1025?

A Nuclei detection template exists for CVE-2025-1025, meaning automated scanners can fingerprint it. Public exploit tooling significantly increases real-world risk — prioritize patching and ensure detection coverage. Exploit tooling should only ever be used in isolated, authorized testing environments.

When was CVE-2025-1025 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2025-1025 was published on February 5, 2025 and was last updated on October 28, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

🐘 Packagist

Not in CISA KEV

CVE-2025-1025 — cockpit

Fix: Cockpit-HQ/Cockpit@984ef9a

CVE-2025-1025 is a Unrestricted File Upload vulnerability in cockpit-hq/cockpit. EPSS puts its 30-day exploitation probability at 18.9% (97th percentile). A fix is available for cockpit-hq/cockpit — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Cockpit Arbitrary File Upload

Also known asGHSA-wp68-xrfg-xvq4

Published

Feb 5, 2025

Updated

Oct 28, 2026

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Nov 6, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Proof-of-concept exploit code exists

CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2025-1025.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

18.9%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Moderate Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs97th percentile — riskier than 97% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

🐘cockpit-hq/cockpit

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Packagist packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Versions of the package cockpit-hq/cockpit before 2.4.1 are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Upload where an attacker can use different extension to bypass the upload filter.

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
🐘Packagist	`cockpit-hq/cockpit`	all versions	2.4.1`composer require cockpit-hq/cockpit:^2.4.1`

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for cockpit-hq/cockpit, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update cockpit-hq/cockpit to 2.4.1 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2025-1025 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Treat uploaded files as untrusted until proven otherwise: validate the actual content type rather than the supplied extension, store uploads outside the web root on a volume mounted without execute permission, and rename them to server-generated identifiers so an attacker cannot choose the path a request will later resolve.

How to detect CVE-2025-1025

A community-maintained Nuclei template exists for this CVE. You can scan for it directly:

nuclei -id cve-2025-1025 -u https://target

Template: Cockpit < 2.4.1 - Arbitrary File Upload
Severity: high
Impact: Attackers can bypass file upload filters to upload malicious PHP files, leading to remote code execution and complete compromise of the Cockpit CMS installation.
Remediation: Upgrade to Cockpit version 2.4.1 or later that properly validates file extensions.

Template by ProjectDiscovery nuclei-templates (iamnoooob, rootxharsh, pdresearch), MIT licensed. View the full template. Scan only systems you are authorised to test.

Frequently Asked Questions

Versions of the package cockpit-hq/cockpit before 2.4.1 are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Upload where an attacker can use different extension to bypass the upload filter.

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

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