`), it is possible to inject arbitrary HTML into the transformed output by supplying a malicious URL query string to `server.transformIndexHtml`. Only apps using `appType: 'custom'` and using the default Vite HTML middleware ar","datePublished":"2023-12-04T23:03:30.752Z","dateModified":"2026-03-14T12:16:08.556735Z","url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2023-49293","inLanguage":"en","author":{"@id":"https://o3.security/#organization"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://o3.security/#organization"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2023-49293"},"speakable":{"@type":"SpeakableSpecification","cssSelector":["h1",".vuln-summary",".vuln-severity",".vuln-mitigation"]},"about":[{"@type":"SoftwareApplication","name":"vite","applicationCategory":"npm","softwareVersion":"4.4.12"},{"@type":"SoftwareApplication","name":"vite","applicationCategory":"npm","softwareVersion":"4.5.1"},{"@type":"SoftwareApplication","name":"vite","applicationCategory":"npm","softwareVersion":"5.0.5"}],"citation":[{"@type":"WebPage","url":"https://github.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/tree/main/cves/2023/49xxx/CVE-2023-49293.json"},{"@type":"WebPage","url":"https://github.com/vitejs/vite/security/advisories/GHSA-92r3-m2mg-pj97"},{"@type":"WebPage","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49293"}]}`), it is possible to inject arbitrary HTML into the transformed output by supplying a malicious URL query string to `server.transformIndexHtml`. Only apps using `appType: 'custom'` and using the default Vite HTML middleware ar","url":"https://o3.security/vulnerability/CVE-2023-49293","identifier":"CVE-2023-49293","datePublished":"2023-12-04T23:03:30.752Z","dateModified":"2026-03-14T12:16:08.556735Z","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["CVE-2023-49293","MEDIUM severity","CWE-79","CVE","vulnerability","security advisory"],"creator":{"@id":"https://o3.security/#organization"},"isAccessibleForFree":true,"variableMeasured":[{"@type":"PropertyValue","name":"CVSS Base Score","value":6.1,"description":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N"},{"@type":"PropertyValue","name":"Severity","value":"MEDIUM"},{"@type":"PropertyValue","name":"EPSS Percentile","value":58}]}`), it is possible to inject arbitrary HTML into the transformed output by supplying a malicious URL query string to `server.transformIndexHtml`. Only apps using `appType: 'custom'` and using the default Vite HTML middleware are affected. The HTML entry must also contain an inline script. The attack requires a user to click o"}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How severe is CVE-2023-49293?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"CVE-2023-49293 has a CVSS score of 6.1/10, rated MEDIUM. Review your exposure and patch according to your risk tolerance."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Which packages are affected by CVE-2023-49293?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"CVE-2023-49293 affects the following packages: vite (npm), vite (npm), vite (npm). Ecosystems affected: npm."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do I fix CVE-2023-49293?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Update vite to 4.4.12 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-49293 is resolved across your whole dependency graph."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do I detect CVE-2023-49293 in my npm dependencies?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for vite. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How do I mitigate CVE-2023-49293 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How does O3 Security protect against CVE-2023-49293?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"O3 pinpoints whether CVE-2023-49293 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Is CVE-2023-49293 actively exploited in the wild?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes. There are 1 known exploit references for CVE-2023-49293, including 1 in-the-wild exploitation observed on GitHub and other sources. Treat this as actively exploitable and prioritize patching immediately. All exploit code should only be run in an isolated sandbox environment for research or authorized testing — never against production systems without explicit written authorization."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What is the EPSS score for CVE-2023-49293?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"CVE-2023-49293 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 1.0%, placing it in the 58th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"What type of vulnerability is CVE-2023-49293?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"CVE-2023-49293 is classified as Cross-site Scripting (XSS) (CWE-79). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation. This is a high-impact weakness class that often enables remote code execution or data exposure."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Is there exploit tooling available for CVE-2023-49293?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"A Nuclei detection template exists for CVE-2023-49293, meaning automated scanners can fingerprint it. Public exploit tooling significantly increases real-world risk — prioritize patching and ensure detection coverage. Exploit tooling should only ever be used in isolated, authorized testing environments."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"When was CVE-2023-49293 published, and has it been updated?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"CVE-2023-49293 was published on December 4, 2023 and was last updated on March 14, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting."}}]}
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📦 npm

CVE-2023-49293

MEDIUM

Cross-site Scripting in `server.transformIndexHtml` via URL payload in vite

Also known asGHSA-92r3-m2mg-pj97
Published
Dec 4, 2023
Updated
Mar 14, 2026
Affected
3 pkgs
Patched
3 / 3
Exploits
1 known

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.0%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk58th percentile-6.32%
0.00%3.37%6.73%10.1%0.3%1.0%Dec 25Apr 26Jun 26

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

Blast Radius

3 pkgs affected

Weekly download volume for affected packages — a proxy for how broadly this vulnerability is deployed.

vitenpm
143.0Mdownloads / week

Description

Vite is a website frontend framework. When Vite's HTML transformation is invoked manually via server.transformIndexHtml, the original request URL is passed in unmodified, and the html being transformed contains inline module scripts (<script type="module">...</script>), it is possible to inject arbitrary HTML into the transformed output by supplying a malicious URL query string to server.transformIndexHtml. Only apps using appType: 'custom' and using the default Vite HTML middleware are affected. The HTML entry must also contain an inline script. The attack requires a user to click on a malicious URL while running the dev server. Restricted files aren't exposed to the attacker. This issue has been addressed in [email protected], [email protected], and [email protected]. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

Affected Packages

3 total 3 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
📦npmvite4.4.0&&< 4.4.124.4.12
📦npmvite4.5.0&&< 4.5.14.5.1
📦npmvite5.0.0&&< 5.0.55.0.5
Exploits & PoCs
1

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for vite. O3's reachability analysis confirms whether the vulnerable code path is actually invoked in your application, so you act on real exposure instead of every transitive match.

  2. Fix

    Update vite to 4.4.12 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-49293 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 pinpoints whether CVE-2023-49293 is reachable in your code and exactly where to fix it, then blocks exploitation in production at runtime until the patched version is deployed.

Tailored to CVE-2023-49293. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

Vite is a website frontend framework. When Vite's HTML transformation is invoked manually via `server.transformIndexHtml`, the original request URL is passed in unmodified, and the `html` being transformed contains inline module scripts (`<script type="module">...</script>`), it is possible to inject arbitrary HTML into the transformed output by supplying a malicious URL query string to `server.transformIndexHtml`. Only apps using `appType: 'custom'` and using the default Vite HTML middleware are affected. The HTML entry must also contain an inline script. The attack requires a user to click o
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2023-49293 in your dependencies?

O3 detects CVE-2023-49293 across npm dependencies and uses function-level reachability to confirm whether the vulnerable code path is actually reachable — not just present. No false positives.