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CISA KEV · ACTIVELY EXPLOITED
MEDIUM severity

CVE-2023-41991 — IPADOS

MEDIUM

CVE-2023-41991 is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.5) CWE-295 vulnerability in apple ipados. It is in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2023-09-25) — treat it as actively exploited and patch now. A fix is available — see the affected versions and patch details below.

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple…

Published
Updated
Affected
3 products
Patched
See advisory
Exploits
4 known
Exploitation data as of Oct 23, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, CISA KEV, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

Actively exploited in the wild

  • Confirmed by CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on 2023-09-25. Federal agencies were required to remediate by 2023-10-16.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA (KEV catalog and SSVC triage) for CVE-2023-41991.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
13.4%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Moderate Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs96th percentile — riskier than 96% of all scored CVEsHighest risk
0.00%5.51%11.0%16.5%3.2%13.4%Apr 26Aug 26Oct 26

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

CVE-2023-41991 by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). Outside the shaded patch-first corner.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 395,249 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the 10–50% band (highlighted). Counts from FIRST.org, log-scaled.

Description

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.

Affected Products

3 products · 5 configurations
OS
ipadosapple
< 16.7
1 version
17.0
OS
iphone osapple
< 16.7
1 version
17.0
OS
macosapple
≥ 13.0 && < 13.6
range
Exploits & PoCs
4

Research use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in mac…

support.apple.comGoogle-sheetSep 2023

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in mac…

nvd.nist.govNVDSep 2023

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in mac…

cisa.govCISASep 2023

Detection & mitigation playbook

Vendor / appliance

  1. Detect

    Inventory every apple ipados deployment and check each version against the affected-products list above.

  2. Fix

    Apply the apple ipados security patch or hotfix for CVE-2023-41991 on the affected version, following the vendor advisory for your exact build.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands. Alongside that, restrict the management interface to trusted networks and apply the vendor's recommended configuration mitigations.

Frequently Asked Questions

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.
O3 Security · Runtime Protection

Is CVE-2023-41991 being exploited in your environment?

Detect and block the exploit chain at execution, on systems you cannot patch yet.

Protect my workloads How runtime protection works
Actively Exploited: CVE-2023-41991: IPADOS (Medium 5.5)