How severe is CVE-2023-37266?

CVE-2023-37266 has a CVSS score of 9.8/10, rated CRITICAL. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2023-37266?

CVE-2023-37266 affects the following packages: github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS (Go). Ecosystems affected: Go.

How do I fix CVE-2023-37266?

Update github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS to 0.4.4 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-37266 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2023-37266 in my Go dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2023-37266 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

Put an independent control in front of the weakness: restrict the affected endpoint or interface to trusted networks, require an additional authentication factor or proxy-level check, and invalidate existing sessions and credentials in case the flaw has already been used.

Is CVE-2023-37266 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2023-37266 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2023-37266?

CVE-2023-37266 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 6.8%, placing it in the 94th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2023-37266?

CVE-2023-37266 is classified as Improper Authentication (CWE-287). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

Is there exploit tooling available for CVE-2023-37266?

A Nuclei detection template exists for CVE-2023-37266, meaning automated scanners can fingerprint it. Public exploit tooling significantly increases real-world risk — prioritize patching and ensure detection coverage. Exploit tooling should only ever be used in isolated, authorized testing environments.

When was CVE-2023-37266 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2023-37266 was published on July 17, 2023 and was last updated on October 28, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

🐹

🐹 Go

Not in CISA KEV

CRITICAL severity

CVE-2023-37266 — CasaOS

CRITICALFix: IceWhaleTech/CasaOS@705bf1f

CVE-2023-37266 is a critical-severity (CVSS 9.8) Improper Authentication vulnerability in github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS. A fix is available for github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Weak json web token (JWT) secrets in CasaOS

Also known asGHSA-m5q5-8mfw-p2hrGO-2023-1931

Published

Jul 17, 2023

Updated

Oct 28, 2026

Affected

1 pkg

Patched

1 / 1

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Nov 9, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2023-37266.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

6.8%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs94th percentile — riskier than 94% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected

🐹github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects Go packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Impact

Unauthenticated attackers can craft arbitrary JWTs and access features that usually require authentication and execute arbitrary commands as root on CasaOS instances.

Patches

The problem was addressed by improving the validation of JWTs in 705bf1f. This patch is part of CasaOS 0.4.4.

Workarounds

Users should upgrade to CasaOS 0.4.4. If they can't, they should temporarily restrict access to CasaOS to untrusted users, for instance by not exposing it publicly.

References

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
🐹Go	`github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS`	all versions	0.4.4`go get github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS@v0.4.4`

Affected Products

1 product · 1 configurations

casaosicewhale

< 0.4.4

range

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update github.com/IceWhaleTech/CasaOS to 0.4.4 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-37266 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
Put an independent control in front of the weakness: restrict the affected endpoint or interface to trusted networks, require an additional authentication factor or proxy-level check, and invalidate existing sessions and credentials in case the flaw has already been used.

How to detect CVE-2023-37266

A community-maintained Nuclei template exists for this CVE. You can scan for it directly:

nuclei -id cve-2023-37266 -u https://target

Template: CasaOS < 0.4.4 - Authentication Bypass via Random JWT Token
Severity: critical
Impact: Successful exploitation allows unauthorized access to the CasaOS system.
Remediation: The problem was addressed by improving the validation of JWTs in 705bf1f. This patch is part of CasaOS 0.4.4.

Template by ProjectDiscovery nuclei-templates (iamnoooob, DhiyaneshDK, pdresearch), MIT licensed. View the full template. Scan only systems you are authorised to test.

Frequently Asked Questions

### Impact Unauthenticated attackers can craft arbitrary JWTs and access features that usually require authentication and execute arbitrary commands as `root` on CasaOS instances. ### Patches The problem was addressed by improving the validation of JWTs in 705bf1f. This patch is part of CasaOS 0.4.4. ### Workarounds Users should upgrade to CasaOS 0.4.4. If they can't, they should temporarily restrict access to CasaOS to untrusted users, for instance by not exposing it publicly. ### References - 705bf1f - https://www.sonarsource.com/blog/security-vulnerabilities-in-casaos/