How severe is CVE-2023-29331?

CVE-2023-29331 has a CVSS score of 7.5/10, rated HIGH. Immediate patching is strongly recommended.

Which packages are affected by CVE-2023-29331?

CVE-2023-29331 affects the following packages: Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility (NuGet), Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility (NuGet), System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs (NuGet), System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs (NuGet), Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm (NuGet), Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm (NuGet), Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64 (NuGet), Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64 (NuGet), and 20 more. Ecosystems affected: NuGet.

How do I fix CVE-2023-29331?

Update Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility to 7.0.3 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-29331 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

How do I detect CVE-2023-29331 in my NuGet dependencies?

Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

How do I mitigate CVE-2023-29331 if there is no patch (or I can't update yet)?

If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

How does O3 Security protect against CVE-2023-29331?

O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2023-29331 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Is CVE-2023-29331 actively exploited in the wild?

No public exploit code has been indexed for CVE-2023-29331 yet. This does not mean the vulnerability cannot be exploited — absence of public exploits does not imply safety. Apply the recommended fix and use O3 Security to monitor your exposure.

What is the EPSS score for CVE-2023-29331?

CVE-2023-29331 has an EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) score of 2.6%, placing it in the 85th percentile of all CVEs. EPSS is maintained by FIRST.org and estimates the probability that a vulnerability will be exploited in the wild within the next 30 days. This score indicates relatively lower exploitation probability, though the CVSS severity should still guide your patching priority.

What type of vulnerability is CVE-2023-29331?

CVE-2023-29331 is classified as Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400). This weakness type describe the underlying flaw category, which helps determine the potential impact and the right class of mitigation.

When was CVE-2023-29331 published, and has it been updated?

CVE-2023-29331 was published on June 14, 2023 and was last updated on July 8, 2026. Advisory data evolves as severity scores, affected ranges, and exploit intelligence are revised — always check the latest version of the advisory before acting.

.NET

.NET NuGet

Not in CISA KEV

HIGH severity

CVE-2023-29331 — Microsoft.Windows.Compati…

HIGH

CVE-2023-29331 is a high-severity (CVSS 7.5) Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility. A fix is available for Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility — see the affected versions and patch details below.

.NET Denial of Service vulnerability

Also known asBIT-dotnet-2023-29331BIT-dotnet-sdk-2023-29331GHSA-555c-2p6r-68mm

Published

Jun 14, 2023

Updated

Jul 8, 2026

Affected

28 pkgs

Patched

28 / 28

Exploits

None indexed

Exploitation data as of Sep 22, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

CISA assesses this as automatable — exploitation doesn’t require manual, per-target effort, which raises the odds of mass scanning and opportunistic attacks.
CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2023-29331.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗

2.6%probability of exploitation in next 30 days

Lower Risk0.00%

Lower risk than most CVEs85th percentile — riskier than 85% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

CVE-2023-29331 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 377,636 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

28 pkgs affected

.NETMicrosoft.Windows.Compatibility.NETMicrosoft.Windows.Compatibility.NETSystem.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs.NETSystem.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs.NETMicrosoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm.NETMicrosoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm.NETMicrosoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64.NETMicrosoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64+20 more

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects NuGet packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2023-29331: .NET Denial of Service vulnerability

<a name="executive-summary"></a>Executive summary

Microsoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in .NET 7.0 and .NET 6.0. This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability.

A vulnerability exists in .NET when processing X.509 certificates that may result in Denial of Service.

Details: KB5025823

Announcement

Announcement for this issue can be found at https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/257

<a name="mitigation-factors"></a>Mitigation factors

Microsoft has not identified any mitigating factors for this vulnerability.

<a name="affected-software"></a>Affected software

Any .NET 7.0 application running on .NET 7.0.5 or earlier.
Any .NET 6.0 application running on .NET 6.0.16 or earlier.

If your application uses the following package versions, ensure you update to the latest version of .NET.

<a name=".NET 7"></a>.NET 7

Package name	Affected version	Patched version
Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.1	7.0.3
System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.1	7.0.2
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.5	7.0.7
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.5	7.0.7
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.5	7.0.7
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.5	7.0.7
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.5	7.0.7
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.5	7.0.7
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.5	7.0.7
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.5	7.0.7
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.5	7.0.7
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.5	7.0.7
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.5	7.0.7
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86	>= 7.0.0, < 7.0.5	7.0.7

<a name=".NET 6"></a>.NET 6

Package name	Affected version	Patched version
Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.4	6.0.6
System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.2	6.0.3
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.16	6.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.16	6.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm	>= 6.0.1, < 6.0.16	6.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.16	6.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.16	6.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.16	6.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.16	6.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.16	6.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.16	6.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.16	6.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.16	6.0.18
Microsoft.NetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86	>= 6.0.0, < 6.0.16	6.0.18

Advisory FAQ

<a name="how-affected"></a>How do I know if I am affected?

If you have a runtime or SDK with a version listed, or an affected package listed in affected software, you're exposed to the vulnerability.

<a name="how-fix"></a>How do I fix the issue?

To fix the issue please install the latest version of .NET 6.0 or .NET 7.0. If you have installed one or more .NET SDKs through Visual Studio, Visual Studio will prompt you to update Visual Studio, which will also update your .NET SDKs.
If you are using one of the affected packages, please update to the patched version listed above.
If you have .NET 6.0 or greater installed, you can list the versions you have installed by running the dotnet --info command. You will see output like the following;

.NET Core SDK (reflecting any global.json):

 Version:   6.0.300
 Commit:    8473146e7d

Runtime Environment:

 OS Name:     Windows
 OS Version:  10.0.18363
 OS Platform: Windows
 RID:         win10-x64
 Base Path:   C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\6.0.300\

Host (useful for support):

  Version: 6.0.5
  Commit:  8473146e7d

.NET Core SDKs installed:

  6.0.300 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk]

.NET Core runtimes installed:

  Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 6.0.5 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.AspNetCore.App]
  Microsoft.NETCore.App 6.0.5 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App]
  Microsoft.WindowsDesktop.App 6.0.5 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.WindowsDesktop.App]

To install additional .NET Core runtimes or SDKs:
  https://aka.ms/dotnet-download

If you're using .NET 7.0, you should download and install Runtime 7.0.7 or SDK 7.0.106 (for Visual Studio 2022 v17.4) from https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core/7.0.
If you're using .NET 6.0, you should download and install Runtime 6.0.18 or SDK 6.0.312 (for Visual Studio 2022 v17.2) from https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core/6.0.

.NET 6.0 and and .NET 7.0 updates are also available from Microsoft Update. To access this either type "Check for updates" in your Windows search, or open Settings, choose Update & Security and then click Check for Updates.

Once you have installed the updated runtime or SDK, restart your apps for the update to take effect.

Additionally, if you've deployed self-contained applications targeting any of the impacted versions, these applications are also vulnerable and must be recompiled and redeployed.

Other Information

Reporting Security Issues

If you have found a potential security issue in .NET 6.0 or .NET 7.0, please email details to [email protected]. Reports may qualify for the Microsoft .NET Core & .NET 5 Bounty. Details of the Microsoft .NET Bounty Program including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.

Support

You can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET GitHub organization. The main repos are located at https://github.com/dotnet/runtime and https://github.com/dotnet/aspnet/. The Announcements repo (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the linked discussion issue.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this advisory is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.

External Links

CVE-2023-29331

Revisions

V1.0 (June 13, 2023): Advisory published.

Version 1.0

Last Updated 2023-06-13

Affected Packages

28 total 28 fixed

Ecosystem	Package	Vulnerable range	Fix
.NETNuGet	`Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility`	≥ 7.0.0&&< 7.0.3	7.0.3`dotnet add package Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility --version 7.0.3`
.NETNuGet	`Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility`	≥ 6.0.0&&< 6.0.6	6.0.6`dotnet add package Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility --version 6.0.6`
.NETNuGet	`System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs`	≥ 7.0.0&&< 7.0.2	7.0.2`dotnet add package System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs --version 7.0.2`
.NETNuGet	`System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs`	≥ 6.0.0&&< 6.0.3	6.0.3`dotnet add package System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs --version 6.0.3`
.NETNuGet	`Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm`	≥ 7.0.0&&< 7.0.7	7.0.7`dotnet add package Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm --version 7.0.7`
.NETNuGet	`Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm`	≥ 6.0.0&&< 6.0.18	6.0.18`dotnet add package Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm --version 6.0.18`

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency

Detect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update Microsoft.Windows.Compatibility to 7.0.3 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-29331 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2023-29331 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to CVE-2023-29331. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Fixing This On Your OS

If you run this on a Linux distribution, patch through your package manager against the distro's own security advisory below — it tracks the exact backported fix for your release, which can ship on a different timeline (and sometimes a different severity) than the upstream project.

Red HatImportant

Product	Fixed in	Advisory
.NET Core on Red Hat Enterprise Linux	`rh-dotnet60-dotnet-0:6.0.118-1.el7_9`	RHSA-2023:3580
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8	`dotnet6.0-0:6.0.118-1.el8_8`	RHSA-2023:3582
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8	`dotnet7.0-0:7.0.107-1.el8_8`	RHSA-2023:3593
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support	`dotnet6.0-0:6.0.120-1.el8_6`	RHSA-2023:4448
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9	`dotnet6.0-0:6.0.118-1.el9_2`	RHSA-2023:3581
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9	`dotnet7.0-0:7.0.107-1.el9_2`	RHSA-2023:3592
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Extended Update Support	`dotnet6.0-0:6.0.120-1.el9_0`	RHSA-2023:4449

UbuntuHIGH

USN-6161-1Ubuntu

Frequently Asked Questions

# Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2023-29331: .NET Denial of Service vulnerability ## <a name="executive-summary"></a>Executive summary Microsoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in .NET 7.0 and .NET 6.0. This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to remove this vulnerability. A vulnerability exists in .NET when processing X.509 certificates that may result in Denial of Service. Details: [KB5025823 ](https://support.microsoft.com/kb/5025823) ## Announcement Announcement for this issue can be

O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2023-29331 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds CVE-2023-29331 across NuGet dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

Scan my dependencies How O3 SCA works

CVSS Score

7.5/10CVSS v3 base

Vector breakdown

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

None

Integrity

None

Availability

High

Raw vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CWE Classification

CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Weaponization

No known public exploit tooling found.

Timeline

Disclosed

Jun 14, 2023

Last updated

Jul 8, 2026

Identifiers

CVE-2023-29331

GHSA-555c-2p6r-68mm

BIT-dotnet-2023-29331

BIT-dotnet-sdk-2023-29331

References

Advisorynvd.nist.gov Fixmsrc.microsoft.com Webgithub.com Webgithub.com Websupport.microsoft.com Packagegithub.com

Related vulnerabilities

This CVE is high severity; 4 of 8 other CVEs affecting Microsoft.NETCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm are rated as high or higher (top: high).

CVE-2026-62909CVE-2026-62901CVE-2026-62899CVE-2024-30045CVE-2024-21392CVE-2023-36799CVE-2023-24936CVE-2023-33128

Provenance

Sources

OSV.devNVDFIRST.org (EPSS)

Last verifiedJul 8, 2026

CVE-2023-29331 — Microsoft.Windows.Compati…

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

EPSS Exploitation Probability

How urgent is this, really

Where this sits among everything scored

Real-World Exposure

Description

Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2023-29331: .NET Denial of Service vulnerability

<a name="executive-summary"></a>Executive summary

Announcement

<a name="mitigation-factors"></a>Mitigation factors

<a name="affected-software"></a>Affected software

<a name=".NET 7"></a>.NET 7

<a name=".NET 6"></a>.NET 6

Advisory FAQ

<a name="how-affected"></a>How do I know if I am affected?

<a name="how-fix"></a>How do I fix the issue?

Other Information

Reporting Security Issues

Support

Disclaimer

External Links

Revisions

Affected Packages

Detection & mitigation playbook

Detect

Fix

Workarounds

How O3 protects you

Fixing This On Your OS

Frequently Asked Questions

Is CVE-2023-29331 in your dependencies?