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MEDIUM severity

CVE-2023-28846 — unpoly-rails

MEDIUMFix: unpoly/unpoly-rails@cd9ad00

CVE-2023-28846 is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.9) Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in unpoly-rails. A fix is available for unpoly-rails — see the affected versions and patch details below.

Denial of Service in unpoly-rails

Also known asGHSA-m875-3xf6-mf78
Published
Mar 30, 2023
Updated
Aug 12, 2026
Affected
1 pkg
Patched
1 / 1
Exploits
None indexed
Exploitation data as of Sep 21, 2026 · OSV.dev, NVD, FIRST.org (EPSS)

Exploitation Status

No confirmed exploitation observed yet

  • CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.

Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2023-28846.

EPSS Exploitation Probability

via FIRST.org ↗
1.0%probability of exploitation in next 30 days
Lower Risk0.00%
Lower risk than most CVEs62th percentile — riskier than 62% of all scored CVEsHighest risk

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.

How urgent is this, really

CVE-2023-28846 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.

Where this sits among everything scored

Of 378,156 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.

Real-World Exposure

1 pkg affected
💎unpoly-rails

Real-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects RubyGems packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.

Description

There is a possible Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability in the unpoly-rails gem that implements the Unpoly server protocol for Rails applications.

Impact

This issues affects Rails applications that operate as an upstream of a load balancer's that uses passive health checks.

The unpoly-rails gem echoes the request URL as an X-Up-Location response header. By making a request with exceedingly long URLs (paths or query string), an attacker can cause unpoly-rails to write a exceedingly large response header.

If the response header is too large to be parsed by a load balancer downstream of the Rails application, it may cause the load balancer to remove the upstream from a load balancing group. This causes that application instance to become unavailable until a configured timeout is reached or until an active healthcheck succeeds.

Patches

The fixed release 2.7.2.2+ is available via RubyGems and GitHub.

Workarounds

If you cannot upgrade to a fixed release, several workarounds are available:

  • Configure your load balancer to use active health checks, e.g. by periodically requesting a route with a known response that indicates healthiness.

  • Configure your load balancer so the maximum size of response headers is at least twice the maximum size of a URL.

  • Instead of changing your server configuration you may also configure your Rails application to delete redundant X-Up-Location headers set by unpoly-rails:

    class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
    
      after_action :remove_redundant_up_location_header
      
      private
      
      def remove_redundant_up_location_header
        if request.original_url == response.headers['X-Up-Location']
          response.headers.delete('X-Up-Location')
        end
      end
    
    end
    

Affected Packages

1 total 1 fixed
EcosystemPackageVulnerable rangeFix
💎RubyGemsunpoly-railsall versions2.7.2.2bundle update unpoly-rails --conservative

Detection & mitigation playbook

Open-source dependency
  1. Detect

    Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for unpoly-rails, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.

  2. Fix

    Update unpoly-rails to 2.7.2.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-28846 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.

  3. Workarounds

    If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.

  4. How O3 protects you

    O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2023-28846 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.

Tailored to CVE-2023-28846. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.

Frequently Asked Questions

There is a possible Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability in the unpoly-rails gem that implements the [Unpoly server protocol](https://unpoly.com/up.protocol) for Rails applications. ### Impact This issues affects Rails applications that operate as an upstream of a load balancer's that uses [passive health checks](https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/load-balancer/http-health-check/#passive-health-checks). The [unpoly-rails](https://github.com/unpoly/unpoly-rails/) gem echoes the request URL as an `X-Up-Location` response header. By making a request with exceedingly long URLs (paths or
O3 Security · Impact-Aware SCA

Is CVE-2023-28846 in your dependencies?

O3 Security finds CVE-2023-28846 across RubyGems dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.

CVE-2023-28846: unpoly-rails (Medium 5.9) | O3 Security