CVE-2023-28846 is a medium-severity (CVSS 5.9) Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in unpoly-rails. A fix is available for unpoly-rails — see the affected versions and patch details below.
Denial of Service in unpoly-rails
Exploitation Status
No confirmed exploitation observed yet
- CISA’s own triage has not observed active exploitation or public proof-of-concept code for this CVE as of its last assessment.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2023-28846.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System) is a daily probability model maintained by FIRST.org. It estimates the likelihood a CVE will be exploited in production environments within the next 30 days, derived from real-world threat intelligence signals.
How urgent is this, really
CVE-2023-28846 plotted by exploitation likelihood (EPSS) against impact (CVSS). The shaded corner — EPSS 50%+ and CVSS 7.0+ — is where this CVE doesn't sit, though severity or exploitability alone can still warrant action.
Where this sits among everything scored
Of 378,156 CVEs with a current EPSS score, this one falls in the < 10% band (highlighted). Real counts from FIRST.org, not a sample — log-scaled since the landscape is heavily right-skewed.
Real-World Exposure
unpoly-railsReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects RubyGems packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
There is a possible Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability in the unpoly-rails gem that implements the Unpoly server protocol for Rails applications.
Impact
This issues affects Rails applications that operate as an upstream of a load balancer's that uses passive health checks.
The unpoly-rails gem echoes the request URL as an X-Up-Location response header. By making a request with exceedingly long URLs (paths or query string), an attacker can cause unpoly-rails to write a exceedingly large response header.
If the response header is too large to be parsed by a load balancer downstream of the Rails application, it may cause the load balancer to remove the upstream from a load balancing group. This causes that application instance to become unavailable until a configured timeout is reached or until an active healthcheck succeeds.
Patches
The fixed release 2.7.2.2+ is available via RubyGems and GitHub.
Workarounds
If you cannot upgrade to a fixed release, several workarounds are available:
-
Configure your load balancer to use active health checks, e.g. by periodically requesting a route with a known response that indicates healthiness.
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Configure your load balancer so the maximum size of response headers is at least twice the maximum size of a URL.
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Instead of changing your server configuration you may also configure your Rails application to delete redundant
X-Up-Locationheaders set by unpoly-rails:class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base after_action :remove_redundant_up_location_header private def remove_redundant_up_location_header if request.original_url == response.headers['X-Up-Location'] response.headers.delete('X-Up-Location') end end end
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 💎RubyGems | unpoly-rails | all versions | 2.7.2.2bundle update unpoly-rails --conservative |
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for unpoly-rails, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update unpoly-rails to 2.7.2.2 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-28846 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
How O3 protects you
O3 Security's impact-aware SCA analyses which vulnerable code paths your application actually calls, so a match like CVE-2023-28846 can be triaged on real exposure rather than presence alone.
Tailored to CVE-2023-28846. Runtime protection reduces exposure until a permanent patch is applied and verified — it complements patching, it doesn't replace it.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is CVE-2023-28846 in your dependencies?
O3 Security finds CVE-2023-28846 across RubyGems dependencies, including transitive ones, and its impact-aware SCA ranks findings by whether your code actually calls the vulnerable path.