CVE-2023-2228 is a medium-severity (CVSS 6.8) Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in modoboa. 1 public exploit or proof-of-concept reference is indexed, so weaponization risk is real. A fix is available for modoboa — see the affected versions and patch details below.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in modoboa/modoboa
Exploitation Status
Proof-of-concept exploit code exists
- CISA’s SSVC triage found public proof-of-concept exploit code for this CVE, though no confirmed active exploitation.
- A successful exploit gives an attacker total control of the affected component, not partial access.
Exploitation and automatability from CISA’s SSVC triage for CVE-2023-2228.
EPSS Exploitation Probability
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, from FIRST.org EPSS.
How urgent is this, really
Where this sits among everything scored
Real-World Exposure
modoboaReal-time download stats are indexed for npm and PyPI packages. This vulnerability affects PyPI packages — download data is not available via public APIs for these ecosystems.
Description
modoboa prior to 2.1.0 is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery. An attacker must be logged in as admin to exploit this issue.
Affected Packages
| Ecosystem | Package | Vulnerable range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🐍PyPI | modoboa | all versions | 2.1.0pip install --upgrade 'modoboa==2.1.0' |
Affected Products
modoboamodoboaResearch use only. For defensive security, authorized penetration testing, and academic research only. Never execute exploit code against systems without explicit written authorization.
Detection & mitigation playbook
Open-source dependencyDetect
Scan your dependency tree (package-lock.json, pnpm-lock.yaml, requirements.txt, go.sum, etc.) for modoboa, including transitive dependencies — a direct dependency you never call can still pull in a vulnerable version.
Fix
Update modoboa to 2.1.0 or later, then make sure no transitive (indirect) dependency still pins the vulnerable range — O3 confirms CVE-2023-2228 is resolved across your whole dependency graph.
Workarounds
If you can't upgrade right away: gate or disable the affected feature, validate untrusted input at the boundary, and avoid passing attacker-controlled data into the vulnerable path. O3's runtime protection blocks exploitation in production as an interim safeguard until the upgrade lands.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is CVE-2023-2228 in your dependencies?
Find it across PyPI, including transitive dependencies.